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1、短文填空知识清单一、 考点分析短文填空要求考生根据所给短文内容考查考生对短文的理解和词汇的掌握情况。主要测试理解能力和词汇的运用能力。考查内容一般涉及以下方面:1. 对短文内容的判断短文填空的题材多样,包括幽默故事、人物传记、科普小品、新闻报道、历史文化、人生哲理等。有的贴近学生生活实际,能激发学生的学习热情,启发他们的思维。有的介绍最新的科研动态和科研成果等特点、用途等。有的讲述人生哲理,给人以启迪。2. 对词性、单词适当形式和短文内容的判断短文填空的考查形式主要以选词填空、首字母填空为主,兼顾中文提示和单词的适当形式。单词的适当形式有名词的单复数形式,时态和语态和非谓语形式以及选择句子填空
2、。难度较大的是根据短文内容完成短文。答题时,可以适当参考阅读理解的解题步骤和技巧。3. 对其他方面的判断。短文填空对其他方面的判断出现的频率较低,多数文章不设此类题目。主要是在解题时,考生了解其要点或未尽事宜,以便判断文章内容或来源,以便推测前后可能出现的内容;这就要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。二、 解题步骤1. 阅读原文、捕捉信息、理解大意。先通读原文,捕捉文中所提供的信息,抓住文章内容概略,理解短文的大意和理清全文脉络。2. 审读题目、找出相关依据判断。读懂短文内容后再审读题目,把握每个待判定句子的含义,通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句,然后依据短文内容对试题所给出的句子
3、进行是非判断。3. 重读短文,逐题复检、核查无误。完成正误判断后必须将短文重读一遍,加深对短文的理解,在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查,对有些似是而非的句子,一定要重新认真识别。尤其对于深层理解的句子,原文没有提供直接或间接的答案,我们应仔细斟酌,复读文章,敲定最后答案。提分策略 怎么做好短文填空是考生复习最关心的问题。短文填空尽管以不同的形式出现,但是解题时却有很多相同之处。解题时需要注意以下几点:1. 通读全文,弄清短文大意。越过空格,通读全文,通过掌握的基本常识和逻辑思维了解文章的大意,理清文章的脉络,同时还要注意某些与空格有关的关键信息,为填写空格打好基础。2. 复读短文,运用技巧,前后
4、照应,确定答案。掌握了短文的大意之后,答题时就有把握了。然后再根据文中前后信息,确定正确的答案。根据句子的语法结构判断所填词是什么词类。根据上下文判断所填写的单词用什么形式(动词涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词等;形容词和副词涉及比较级等;名词涉及单复数;数词分基数词和序数词等等)。注意同义词语、形容词与副词等之间的区别。还要注意某些特殊的语法要求和结构。3. 复读检验,消除疏漏。答案基本确定之后,我们还要再次阅读全文,认真检查是否存在疏漏,意义是否连贯,语法是否有误,是否符合逻辑,是否存在拼写错误等。由于考试时间有限,很多同学答题时比较快,往往做完后不进行仔细检查,于是会出现不应该发生的错误,这样
5、就把不该丢掉的分数丢掉了,非常可惜。【例1】(2014北京)阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。Peter lost his friends book,He felt very sad. Kate broke her moms favorite cup. 1 She was so sorry for her mistake.We all make mistake because were human. And its not always easy to get on well with everyone all the time.
6、Sometimes we hurt peoples feelings although we dont do it on purpose. Sometimes we hurt peoples feelings on purpose. 2 So we apologize(道歉).An apology tells someone that were sorry for our mistakes. Its a way to show that well try to do better in future.Apologies are one of the tools to build good fr
7、iendships and relationships. When you say “Im sorry”,you probably feel bad because what you did or said hurt another person. 3,youre also saying that you respect the other person,and care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy(同感).After apologizing,you might feel a little bett
8、er 4. When you apologize in a caring way,you might feel good because you are trying to make things right again.A. Then she criedB. But we feel bad laterC. When you say “ I am sorry”D. And you want to return his bookE. The other person will probably feel better,too【主旨大意】本文主要说明人都是会犯错的,但是我们要学会为错误道歉,道歉是
9、一种表明将来会做得更好的方式,也是维持友谊的工具。【答案】14A B C E【例2】(2014江苏镇江 5660)Brazil is the biggest country in South America,where the 2014 World Cup is being held now. The name Brazil comes from a tree named Brazilwood. Its beautiful landscape,various cultural events and delicious food make it a great travelling place.
10、 However,what makes it more famous is football. It has won the World Cup five times.Christ the RedeemerWorld WonderAs one of the New Seven Wonders and an icon of Brazil,Christ the Redeemer is a famous statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro. It stands 30 metres tall and its arms stretch to a width
11、of 28 metres. CarnivalCultural FestivalAs Brazils best known festival,Carnival(嘉年华) is 46 days before the Easter and lasts about 5 days. Nowadays,the most famous Carnivals celebration is held in Rio de Janeiro,where thousands of people wearing masks and colourful costumes dance samba to the sound of
12、 drums and music. AcarajeLocal FoodMade from black-eyed peas that are rolled into balls and then fried,acaraje is a popular street food and beach snack with a long history in Brazil. It is usually filled with fruit,peanuts and egg. 阅读以上信息,用恰当的词完成下面的短文,每空一词。Brazil is the biggest country in South Amer
13、ica. It has one of the worlds New Seven Wonders,Christ the Redeemer. Its 1 is 30 metres and its arms stretch to a width of 28 metres. Carnival,Brazils best known festival,is 2 by people dancing samba with masks and colourful costumes. Local food acaraje is popular among people. It is in the 3 of a b
14、all and its main material is black-eyed peas. As we know,much more 4 is always being paid to its football than to its landscape,cultural events and food. Now Brazil is 5 the 2014 World Cup. Many football fans must be crazy about watching the matches these days.【主旨大意】本篇文章是一篇应用文。文章通过表格的形式介绍了巴西的诸多情况:它是
15、2014年世界杯的举办国,巴西国家名字的由来及其在往届世界杯参赛中取得的成就;巴西耶稣雕像新世界七大奇迹之一;巴西的嘉年华狂欢节;巴西当地的特色小吃Acaraje。【答案】1. height解析:根据第二个表格句子“It stands 30 metres tall”可知Christ the Redeemer的高度为30米,注意此处要用名词height形式。2. celebrated解析:根据第三个表格中的句子“Nowadays,the most famous Carnivals celebration is held in Rio de Janeiro,where thousands of p
16、eople wearing masks and colourful costumes dance samba.”可知嘉年华狂欢节被那些跳桑巴舞的人们庆祝,根据本句中的关键词by people可知句子应该用被动语态。3. shape/form解析:根据第四个表格中的句子“Made from black-eyed peas that are rolled into balls”可知Acaraje被轧制成球形。所以可知Acaraje在外形或形式上是一个球状物。4. attention解析:根据第一个表格中的句子“However,what makes it more famous is football.”可知在巴西比起文化、食
