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1、书面表达知识清单一、 应用文应用文是人们日常生活或工作中经常使用的文体,包括书信、电子邮件、通知、便条、启事等。其语言重在实用,要求朴实、准确、简洁。应用文在实践中逐渐形成了各自的格式,且各种格式都有一定的规范。掌握应用文的基本结构和特点是学生应该具备的基本功之一。【例1】(2014浙江宁波)书面表达假如你是Mike,后天是父亲节,请你根据下面所给信息,写一封信,回忆去年夏天与父亲一起爬山的难忘经历,作为一份送给父亲的特殊礼物。注意:1. 信中应包含所提供的信息,并展开合理的想象;2. 信中不能出现真实的姓名;3. 词数:80词左右。(信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)Dear Daddy,
2、Its a gift for Fathers Day when you are reading it.I still remember the day last summer when Now, I want to say; I love you, Daddy. You raise me up!Happy Fathers Day!Yours,Mike【参考范文】Dear Daddy,Its a gift for Fathers Day when you are reading it.I still remember the day last summer when early in the m
3、orning. But,unluckily,it began to be cold and tired. So I couldnt help complaining. But you told me not to give up and put your coat on me softly,“We will reach the top.” You really cheered me up. What beautiful nature that I had never seen.Now,I want to say:I love you,Daddy. You raise me up!Happy F
4、athers Day!Yours,Mike二、 看图作文看图作文,是以文字(中文或英文)和画面两种形式向同学们提供信息,有的是要同学们写,有的要填空或补全对话。同学们在审题时,不仅要审“文”,而且要审“图”。同学们只有根据题目的文字和画面内容提供的信息,进行综合考虑,立意选材,才能写出切合题意、主题鲜明的短文来。【例2】(2014浙江杭州)假设你是李平,最近你学习上遇到困惑。请用英语给你的英国朋友Nancy写一封电子邮件,讲述你的问题并寻求她的帮助。注意:1. 邮件必须包括下面三幅画所描述的内容。 2. 词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出(不计词数)。参考词汇:考试不及格 fail the exa
5、m熬夜 stay up lateHi Nancy,How are you? Hope youre well. Im ready looking forward to receiving your reply soon.Love,Li Ping【参考范文】Hi Nancy,How are you? Hope youre well. Probably I need your help. I failed the math exam yesterday. My mom was mad at me. In order to do better next time,I stayed up late la
6、st night for my math homework. Since I didnt get enough sleep. I felt sleepy this morning. My teacher noticed it. She came up and asked what was wrong with me,but I didnt teel the truth. What should I do? Can you give me some advice?Im ready looking forward to receiving your reply soon.Love,Li Ping三
7、、 提示作文提示作文是书面表达的重要组成部分,它包括文字提示和图片(含表格)提示,主要考查学生综合运用英语的能力,特别是较好地考查学生的观察能力、联想能力、灵活运用所学英语知识的能力和初步运用英语表达思想的能力。写好提示作文要牢记“五个要诀”:1. 仔细审题,抓住重点。审题是解题的关键,情景作文的审题要抓四个字:一是“内容”;二是“形式”。所谓“内容”,即写什么;所谓“形式”即表达所需要的文体。2. 快速构思,书写提纲。构思速度要快,因为考试时间有限,不允许考生花太多时间思考需要表达的内容。列提纲也是做书面表达题的一个重要步骤,纲举目张,表达起来就会得心应手。编拟提纲要全面、具体、明确、恰当。
8、3. 认真选择,推敲句式。写作过程中要灵活运用所学词汇、语法和句型来组织语言。尽量使用同学们最熟悉、最有把握的句型。遇到生疏的词句要灵活变通。例如:要表达“听到这个消息,他欣喜若狂。”我们可以用He was wild with joy at the news. 也可以用更为熟悉的句型:He was glad to hear the news. 或When he heard the news,he was very glad. 或He was glad at the news.4. 注意顺序,连贯文章。情景作文不像单个翻译句子,要组织好文章表达的层次顺序,注意表达的准确性、连贯性,还要符合英语习
9、惯。5. 检查核对,书写正规。一篇短文写完后,一定要认真检查,看其内容是否完整,要点是否有遗漏,主题是否符合要求,并且要检查单词的拼写及大小写、短语的运用,语法、句型结构的准确性,以及标点符号使用的规范性,避免不必要的失分。再就是书写一定要认真、规范、整洁、漂亮。【例3】(2013青海)某英文报社以“My dream,the Chinese dream”为题开展征文活动,请根据以下提示和要求用英语写一篇短文投稿。提示:1. 谈谈你的梦想,并说明如何才能实现你的梦想;2. 只要每个人为自己梦想去努力,中国梦就能得到实现。要求:1. 短文要包含提示中的要点,但可以适当表达自己的观点;2. 短文不少
10、于80词;3. 短文开头已给出,不计入总词数。My Dream,the Chinese DreamEveryone has a dream. Dream is regarded as the goal of ones life. 【写作指导】本篇文章需要考生根据题目中所提供的信息,用英语介绍自己的梦想,并说明如何实现它,由此引发对中国梦的理解,呼吁只要每个人都努力实现自己的梦想,那么我们的中国梦就指日可待了。人称为第一人称。时态以一般现在时态和一般将来时相结合。体裁以记叙文和议论文相结合。【参考范文】My Dream,the Chinese DreamEveryone has his own
11、dream. Dream is regarded as the goal of ones life.My Dream is to be a good doctor. The reason why I want to be it is that some doctors saved my life after I was badly injured in a traffic accident. Their super medical skills impressed me deeply. From then on,to be a doctor in the future has always b
12、een an inspiration to me. I have been working very hard in order to turn my dream into reality.Ones personal dream is a part of the Chinese dream. Therefore,as long as everyone makes great effort to do their own jobs very well,it will be easier to reach our Chinese dream because we know “the more pe
13、ople,the more strength”.提分策略一、 备考对策书面表达能力的提高关键在于平时积累,要想写出优秀的英语短文,平时要做好以下两点:1. 多背诵好的篇章、段落。朗读是接触和吸收语言最好、最主要的途径。在阅读中能熟记好的表达方式,优美的句子,某些常用的短语,逐渐积累,就会大大丰富书面表达的材料,有文可写了。每单元学完后,我们可以选择一些较实用的对话、短文朗读或背诵。2. 做好造句语段成文的过渡。(1)造句是写作训练的初步形式,其目的在于培养学生“连词组句”的能力。它涉及到词类、词意、词与词的搭配关系以及句子成分、句型转换等多方面的知识。每单元结束后,可对本单元的生词、词组进行造句的练习。基础不好的考生可进行抄写或仿写在文中出现的句子,基础较好的可自己造出新的句子。(2)训练语段是组词成句、成段的引申,是写作的雏形,准备一个写作本,可以从学校、家庭、朋友、教师、节日、人物等简单话题着手,或对书本的一些语段进行改写或缩写,再联系自己实际水平进行扩展。(3)对平时写
