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1、专项语法突破(十三) 特殊句式,一、考点分布 高考特殊句式考点统计表,(2)主谓一致主要考查 并列主语的主谓一致 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 从句中的主谓一致 (3)祈使句主要考查 根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分 祈使句and/or结构分句,(4)感叹句主要考查 what与how引导的感叹句的区别 感叹句的语序,(2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the way等，置于句首。如： Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 South of
2、the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。,In a lecture hall of a univeristy in England sits a professor. 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。 (3)such置于句首时。如： Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 这就是艾伯特爱因斯坦，一个简单的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。,Such are the facts, no one can deny them
3、. 这就是事实，没有人能否认他们。 此句型中的such多被认为是表语。所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。,只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有：,2部分倒装,Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。,only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装。如： Only when did he return did we find out the truth.() Only when he returned did we find out the trut
4、h. () only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。如： Only can he answer the question. () Only he can answer the question. (),(2)not only.but also引导并列分句，且not only放于句首时，not only引导的句子倒装，but (also)句子不倒装。如： Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅要给那些
5、找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要的人提供医疗。,Never before have I seen such a moving film. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Not a single mistake did he make. 他一个错误也没犯。 Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark. 在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。,(4)so/such.that句型，so/such放于句首时。如： In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forg
6、ot to lock the door. 他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语如此清晰目的是能被听懂。,I was afraid. (句中的I指的是说话者A) So was I. (I指的是B，此句意为：I was afraid, too.) I was afraid. (I指的是A) So you were. (you指的也是A。此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.),再比较几个句子： He came las
7、t night, and so did I. 他昨晚来了，我也来了。 It is hot.天很热。 So it is.的确如此。 He is lazy. 他很懒。 So is she. 她也一样。,(7), neither (或nor)be/have/助动词/情态动词主语，也不这样。如： Lily cant ride, neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。,感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! 他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀！ How interesting their talk is! 他们的谈话多么有趣！,b此句型中
8、的第一个the more引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句；第二个the more引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质上就是：If you work harder, you will make greater progress.,whatever, howeveradj./adv. 引导让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. 无论你有什么理由，你都应当履行诺言。 However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this
9、 evening. 无论这个问题有多难，今晚我们必须解决。,Strange as/though it seems, it is true. 尽管这事看上去奇怪，却是真的。 Exhausted as/though she was, she wasnt able to sleep. 尽管她精疲力竭，但还是睡不着觉。,谓语动词的倒装 Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 尽管他努力了，但考试还是不及格。 Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room. 尽管他
10、们在房子里到处寻找，但他们找不到任何东西。,状语的倒装 Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。 Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. 虽然我努力学习了，但赶不上他们。,It was him that/whom we met at the school gate.(宾语) 我们在学校门口见到的就是他。 It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(状语),(2)其一般疑问句只需把is/wa
11、s提前，即Is/Was被强调部分that/who其他成分。如： It is Professor Wang who teaches you English? 教你们英语的是王教授吗？ Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？,(3)它的特殊疑问句为：疑问词is/was itthat其他成分？如： Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗户的是谁？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？ What is i
12、t that you want me to do? 你要我干什么？,(4)not.until.句型的强调句 其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。如： He didnt go to bed until ten oclock. It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才上床休息。,I didnt realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses. It was not until sh
13、e took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。,(5)强调句中的it与代词it 可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把it is/was和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。如： It is there that accidents often happen. Accidents often happen there. 在那儿经常发生事故。,以上就是强调句型，被强调成分是状语，把It is和that去掉，可还原成原来的非强调
14、句。 It is clear that not all boys like football. 很显然并非所有男孩都喜欢足球。 去掉It is和that句子成了：Clear not all boys like football. 很显然这不是一个完整的句子，因此不是强调句型，而是由it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。,(6)强调句型It is/was.that.；It is/was时间when/ before从句；It is时间since从句 强调句型与It is/was时间when/before从句 在It is/was时间when/before从句中，it指时间，when/be
15、fore引导的时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如：,It was at midnight that he got home yesterday. 昨天午夜他回到了家里。 It was midnight when he got home yesterday. 昨天他回到家里时，已经是午夜了。 第一句是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；而第二句是一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。,第一句为强调句型，强调的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；而第二句表示“从过去到现在已有多长时间”，用一般现在时。但强调句型同样可以用一般现在时。如： It is two hours
16、 that he spends on English every day. 每天他花在英语上的时间为两小时。,(2)不管主句否定，还是附加问句否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You arent a teacher, are you？或You are a teacher, arent you？时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes, I am.否则，回答No，I am not.。,(2)四种情况下的反意疑问句 陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。如： You used to sleep with the windows open, usednt/didnt you? 你过去经常开着窗子睡觉，是吗？,陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或sh
