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1、定语从句,The attributive clause,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose, as等 关系副词有: when, where, why,关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man who is shaking hands with my fathe
2、r is a policeman.,（二）关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。,The boys who are playing football are from Class One.,Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.,That is the teacher who teaches us physics.,2. whom 指人，在
3、定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.,Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.,The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.,The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.,注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。,The man ( whom / who ) y
4、ou met just now is my old friend.,3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Football is a game which is liked by most boys.,The factory which makes computers is far away from here.,He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.,The house which is by the lake looks nice.,This is the pen ( whic
5、h ) he bought yesterday.,The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.,4that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.,Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?,The
6、 person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.,The season that / which comes after spring is summer.,Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.,5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。,I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.,He has a friend whose father is a
7、doctor.,I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.,注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：,The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.,The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.,Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?,Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?,（三）“
8、介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.,The school in which he once studied is very famous.,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.,This is the
9、 boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.,This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.,Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.,Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.,The manager whose company I work in pays
10、much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.,注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。,This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.,This is the watch for which I
11、am looking .,The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.,The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.,.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.,The man with t
12、hat / who you talked just now is my neighbour.,The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few 等代词或者数词。,He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are ver
13、y kind to him.,In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.,There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.,Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.,（四）关系副词引导的定语从句,1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。,I still remember
14、 the day when I first came to this school.,The time when we got together finally arrived.,October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.,Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.,2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。,Shanghai is the city where
15、 I was born.,I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .,The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.,Is this the place where they fought the enemy?,3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。,Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.,The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.,I d
16、ont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.,注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。,From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.,（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。,B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“的” 通常译成主句的并列句。,关系词的使用上 A作宾语时可省略 B
