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1、The Present Participle,-Used as Adverbial,Lets go over the usage of ing form below. Examine the sentences and discuss in what way the structures are similar to each other and in what way they are different.,Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.,Having experienced
2、quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice.,The ing form used as an adverbial.,Having + past participle (the perfect -ing form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.,千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。,The Prese
3、nt Participle as Adverbial （现在分词做状语）,-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示,Task1 现在分词作状语代替状语从句,时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，,注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。,一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句： 注意：1：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2：现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时，现在分词一般位于句首。 如：,When he read the boo
4、k, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.,Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.,While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.,二、-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： As he was ill, he couldnt come to school today. Being ill, he couldnt co
5、me to school today.,三、ing分词短语作结果状语。如： His father died, leaving him a lot of money. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.,四、-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句和让步状语从句。 If you use your head, you will find a way. Using your head, you will find a way. Though they kne
6、w all this, they made me pay for the damage. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.,五、-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. _ by the old man, the youn
7、g people started walking slowly.,Followed,状语,doing 与主语为主动关系,done 与主语为被动关系,分词作状语,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,When they heard the bad news,doing 与主语为主动关系,Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,If they had been given more attention,done 与主语为被动关系,_from the top of th
8、e building, we saw the house like a match box. _from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.,Seeing,Seen,分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。,注意：,例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 正: He w
9、as told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.,对比练习,1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. He been told 3. _from spac
10、e , the earth looks blue . 4._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See,C,A,A,B,but,the earth,we,-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示,现在分词作状语代替状语从句,时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，,注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。,Task 2:现在分词的时态和语态,doing,being done,having done,havin
11、g been done,现在分词的时态和语态,-ing分词的一般式和完成式：,Being a student, he was interested in books. Having finished his work, he went home.,-ing分词的一般式的动作表示和主句的动作是同时进行或者在主句的的动作之后发生；完成式的动作是先于主句的动作发生。,Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go there yesterday.,-ing分词的被动式,-ing分词的被动式表示与主句的主语（分词的逻辑主语）的关系是被动关系。
12、根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如： （Having been criticized） by the teacher, he gave up smoking.,1. AS he had eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep. 2.This book become well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages.,H
13、aving eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.,Having been translated into many different languages, this book become well known all over the world .,Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.,Task 3: 现在分词的否定形式,动词- ing形式（短语）的否定形式 常在其（ ）加not /never等。,前面,Not havin
14、g received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,As we didnt know his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with her. As he didnt receive a reply, he decided to write another letter.,现在分词的否定形式,Not knowing his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with her.,Not having received a reply
15、, he decided to write another letter.,Task 4 现在分词的独立主格结构,在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致, 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为:,分词独立主格结构,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等,As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange village. If the weather permits, well go for an outing tomorrow.,leading the way,
16、 we had no trouble finding the strange village.,permitting, well go for an outing tomorrow.,Practice:,The boy,The weather,As there was no further problems to discuss, we ended the meeting at last.,There being no further problems to discuss, we ended the meeting at last.,有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从判断), talki
