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1、时态和语态,动词的十六种时态（以动词do单三形式为例）,一、一般现在时 Simple Present Tense,1.表示惯常的动作以及习惯和爱好； 例如： Usually I go to school on foot.,2.表示客观真理和按自然规律会发生的事情； 例如：Yesterday my teacher said the earth runs around the sun.,3.表示按照时刻表会发生的动作； 例如： The train arrives at six oclock.,4.表示现存的性质和状态 例如：The book is on the desk.,二、一般过去时 Simp
2、le Past Tense,表示过去发生的动作、状态、习惯或者能力，并且此动作已结束； 通常会有自己固定的时间状语，如 yesterday, the day before yesterday, last just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time，two days ago 等。 例如：She often came to help us in those days,三、一般将来时 Simple Future Tense,1）be going to:表示按计划要进行的动作或者有迹象表明要发生的动作； 例： It is
3、cloudy, it is going to rain. 2）will /shall do ：表示按主观意决定要发生的动作或存在的状态；表事物固有的属性或必然趋势； 3)be about to do:表示即刻要发生的动作，没有时间状语； 4）be to do：表计划、征求对方意见 5）does 表将来：用于特殊动词表示按计划即将进行的动作；（按时刻表将来发生的动作） 6）be doing表确定或安排好的将要发生的动作，多用于瞬间性动词如，come/go/leave/arrive/start/move. 例：We are flying to Paris tomorrow.,四、过去将来时 Pas
4、t Future Tense,would do 1)表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态 ; 例： He said he would come back the next day 2)表示过去的习惯； 例：when I was young, I would play with my little dog.,五.现在进行时 Present Continuous tense,be doing 1）表示此刻正在发生的动作； 例： We are waiting for you. 2）表示时刻变化着得状态和动作； 例：English, as a living language, is c
5、hanging all the time. 3）表示长期重复性的动作，说话时此动作未必正在进行； 例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. be always doing 强调总是、一直，并且含有批评或赞扬的感情色彩。 例： Being a League member, he is always helping others,六.过去进行时 Past Continuous Tense,Was/were doing 1 表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作；时间状语：then, at that time, this time yesterday等。 2.表示过去一直持续
6、进行的动作。 真题解析：,1.-Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?（NEMT2010全国2 ） -No, I my homework all day yesterday. A was doing B would do C had done D do,解析： all day yesterday 昨天一直在做某事，很显然为过去一直进行的动作； would do 为过去本打算做但是却没做的动作； had done 为过去的过去； yesterday肯定不能用一般现在时 do,A,七.将来进行时 Future Continuous Tense,Will be do
7、ing 表示将来某具体时刻正在进行的动作，时间状语：9：00 tomorrow, this time next month等。 真题解析： （2009安徽）Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. A are enjoying B are to enjoy C will enjoy D will be enjoying (D),八、现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense,have/has done或者 have/has been +adj. 1）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在刚好完成； 例如：I
8、have laid the table. 2）表示过去发生的动作对现在又影响； 例如：I have spent all of my money,时间状语：already, yet, ever, only twice, before, ever since, by this time, for a long time, up to now等。,九、过去完成时 Past Perfect Tense,Had done 1)表示过去的过去；常用的时间状语by the time of last year等。 例如：when the police arrived,the thief had run awa
9、y. 2)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.,十、现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Continuous Tense,have/has been doing. 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在达到一个阶段，并且还会继续进行下去。 例： He has been teaching English in our school ever since 2001.,十一、将
10、来完成时 Future Perfect Tense,will /shall have done 表示将来某个具体时间将会完成的动作，并且对将来某一时间产生影响。往往与表示将来的时间状语连用。 例如：We shall have finished the task by the end of this week. I expect to have finished the work by the end of next month.,十二、过去将来完成时 Past Future Continuous Tense,would have done 用于虚拟语气；表示与事实相反的动作或状态； 例如：I
11、would have come on time, because I was caught in the traffic jam. should have done 用于虚拟语气；表示责备或批评，本该做但是却没有做到的事情； 例如：It is strange that she should have failed to see her own mistakes.,Exercise,1 Will Mary go camping with us tomorrow? Mary? Never, she fresh air and tent. A, will hate B, hates C has ha
12、ted D hated,(B),2.I was going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you? A has done B had done C would done D will do,(B),3.Has Yang Liping returned from Yunnan yet? Id like to meet her. Sorry.She back only for last weekend. A has been B had been C was D would be,(C),4.Could you tell me what he said just now? Sorry. I what was going on outside. A had thought B thought C think Dwas thinking,(D),
