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1、Section Grammar & Writing,定语从句() 一、概念 A plane is a machine that can fly.,1定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。本单元主要讲述关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。,3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句
2、中充当一个句子成分。,例如：A plane is a machine that can fly. 上面例句中的that can fly即为定语从句，其前面的名词machine是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，that是引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词。,二、关系代词的基本用法,三、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况,四、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况,定语从句注意事项 1关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。 He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先
3、行词) He is one of the students who know French.(students为先行词),2关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。 The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.,3the same.as与the same.that引导的定语从句的区别：前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西；而后者修饰的就是先行词所指的东西。 This is the same watch as I lost. 这和我丢的那只手表一样。(不是同一只) This i
4、s the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢失的那只手表。(同一只),4such后可接as引导的定语从句，也可接that引导的结果状语从句。,I hope to get such a pen as he is using.我希望得到一支像他在使用的一样的钢笔。(定语从句) I hope to get such a pen that I can do my homework with it without using others我希望得到一支钢笔，这样我就能用它做作业而不用借别人的。(结果状语从句),.用that，who，whom，which，whose完成下列句子
5、1This is the person_you should thank for helping your son. 答案： who/that/whom 2The man_is standing there is a famous writer. 答案： who/that,3The pen_he bought yesterday is the same as mine. 答案： that/which 4The house_is at the corner of the street is painted red. 答案： that/which,5The boy_name is Tom come
6、s from America. 答案： whose 6It is said that the chair_leg is broken is worth a lot of money. 答案： whose,7This is the best film_has been shown so far in the city. 答案： that 8I have many friends to_I am going to send postcards. 答案： whom,9We should do everything_we should do. 答案： that 10The beautiful girl
7、_we often talk about is Li Pings sister. 答案： that/who/whom,11Who_you have ever known can sing it better? 答案： that 12I still remember the people and the things_I met in my hometown. 答案： that,13The only thing_I can remember is the big fire. 答案： that 14I dont know the boy_is sitting behind you. 答案： who
8、/that 15He asked about the factories and workers_we had just visited. 答案： that,.单项填空 1Tom is good at maths，so I think he is the student_can help you to work out this problem. Awhom Bwho Cwhich Dwhat,解析： 先行词the student指人，定语从句中缺主语，因此应用who引导定语从句。 答案： B,2Im not sure whether this is the book_my brother r
9、ead the year before last. Awhose Bas Cwhat Dwhich,解析： 先行词the book指物，定语从句缺少宾语，因此应填which引导定语从句。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时，仅用于the same.as.，such.as.等句型中。 答案： D,3Im sorry that I dont know much about American films，because this is the first American film_I have ever seen. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Das,解析： 先行词American film
10、前面有序数词the first修饰，因此只能用that引导定语从句。 答案： B,4Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons_they were fond of_influenced their whole lives. Awhich；that Bthat；which Cwhich；which Dthat；that,解析： 第一空考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词中既含有人又含有物，所以用that。第二空用that构成It was.that.强调句型。 答案： D,5Which of
11、the two cows_you keep produce more milk? Athat Bwhich Cwhom Dwhat 解析： 主语是以which开头的特定疑问句，所以要用that引导定语从句。 答案： A,6The most important thing_we should pay attention to is the first thing_I have said. Awhich；that Bthat；which Cwhich；which Dthat；that 解析： 当先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。 答案： D,7Mount Wuyi is
12、 such an attractive place of interest_everyone likes to visit. Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhat,解析： “such名词”后接从句时，若引导词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，则用as引导定语从句。该句中引导词在从句中作visit的宾语，故用as。若引导词在从句中不作成分，则用that引导结果状语从句。 答案： B,8This is the boy without_help I couldnt have passed that difficult exam. Awho Bwhom Cwhose Dthat,解析： 先行词t
13、he boy指人，定语从句缺少定语，因此该空应填whose引导定语从句。 答案： C,9The boy_is cleaning the blackboard now is Toms best friend. Athat Bwhom Cwhose Dhe 解析： 先行词是“人”，关系代词用who/that。 答案： A,10The man makes full use of the time_he can spare. Awith which Bwhen Cit Dthat 解析： 先行词是“物”，并且作spare的宾语，所以关系代词用which/that。 答案： D,11Look out！D
14、ont get too close to the house_roof is under repair. Awhose Bwhich Cof which Dthat,解析： 此题考查定语从句。句意为：“小心！不要靠近这所房子，房顶正在修理”。从结构上看，“_roof is under repair”是定语从句修饰house。从意义上看，空格处应填一个表示“这所房子的”的关系代词，所以要用whose。 答案： A,12He told us the stories and the writers _interested him. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwho,解析： 在修饰两个或
15、两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时用that。在此句中that修饰stories和writers，它既可修饰人也可修饰物，又在从句中作主语。 答案： A,13Anything_could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dhow 解析： 考查定语从句。当先行词为anything等不定代词时，关系代词用that而不用which。 答案： B,14Those_want to see the film please write down your names here. Athem Bwhat Cwhose Dwho 解析： 当代词those用做先行词且指人，并在从句中作主语时，关系代词通常使用who。 答案： D,15This is the factory_we visited the other day. Awhere Bin
