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1、Section Grammar 现在完成时,一、构成 1.基本形式：have/has done(过去分词) 2.否定形式：have/has not done(过去分词) 3.被动形式：have/has been done(过去分词) 4.疑问形式：Have/Has主语done(过去分词)?,二、现在完成时的用法 1表示发生在过去并对现在仍然有影响的动作，常与时间状语just，recently，so far，up to now，till now，ever，never，already等连用。 China has already made great progress in technology.
2、中国已经在科技方面取得了很大进步。 I have been to Beijing three times so far. 到目前为止我已去过北京三次了。,2表示从过去某时开始而延续到现在的动作或状态，常与时间状语for，since，these days，this year，now等连用。 We have studied English for six years. 我们已经学英语六年了。 Mr Zhang has taught here for 8 years. 张老师已在这里教了八年书。 I have worked here since I graduated. 自从毕业以来我一直在这里工作
3、。,注意：这一用法只能用于有延续意义的动词，而come，go，leave，arrive，reach，return，borrow，lend，buy，receive，begin，start，die，marry，join等短暂性动词则不能用于完成时态。,三、现在完成时的特殊用法 1现在完成时用在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，可以表示将来完成，此时也可用一般现在时。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped/stops. 车停稳了再下。 Well go to the cinema if the rain has stopped/stops this after
4、noon. 若是下午雨停了，我们就去看电影。,2用在特定句型中 (1)This /It is the first (second，third) time that.句型中，that从句中要使用现在完成时。 It is the third time that I have seen the film. 这是我第三次看这部电影了。,(2)It is/has been.since.句型中，主句常用现在完成时，也可用一般现在时，但since从句常用一般过去时。 How long is it/has it been since he returned to his hometown? 自从他回到家乡已经
5、有多长时间了？,四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情。 He has been a teacher for thirty years. 他已当了三十年的老师。(强调现在仍是老师) He was a teacher when he was young. 他年轻的时候是个老师。(强调现在已不再是老师),2现在完成时通常与以下时间状语连用，如for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，always；而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，如y
6、esterday，last week，.ago，in 1980，in October，just now。 He has lived here since 1990. 从1990年以来，他一直住在这里。(从过去某时开始住，到目前仍住着) He turned off the light. 他把灯关掉了。(灯在过去某个时候被关掉),.用所给词的适当形式填空 1I_(put) the watch on the table，but I cant find it now. 答案： have put 2My father_(leave) for London on business already，so y
7、ou cant see him now. 答案： has left,3The old woman doesnt want to move because she_(live) in the cottage for 30 years. 答案： has lived 4I_(be) to the USA twice so far. 答案： have been,5Mr Li is not at home.He_(go) to Shanghai. 答案： has gone 6This is the first time that she_(visit) the Great Wall. 答案： has v
8、isited,7He_(not borrow) the book since then. 答案： hasnt borrowed 8He_(join) the army two years ago.In other words，he_(be) a soldier for two years. 答案： joined；has been,9He told me his name but I_(forget) it. 答案： have forgotten 10You shouldnt get off the bus until it_(stop) 答案： has stopped,.单项填空 1So fa
9、r this year we_a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. Asaw Bsee Chad seen Dhave seen 答案： 考查动词的时态。句意为：今年到目前为止，我们看到房屋的价格下降了5%至10%。so far到目前为止，通常与现在完成时连用，故选D。 答案： D,2Danny_hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. Aworks Bis working C has worked Dworked 解析： 句意为：丹尼已努力工作了很久来实
10、现他的梦想，现在他很受欢迎。由时间状语for long可知：丹尼从过去开始到现在一直很努力，而且对现在产生的影响是“他受欢迎”，故用现在完成时。 答案： C,3What is the price of petrol these days? Oh，it_sharply since last month. Ais raised Bhas risen Chas arisen Dis increased 解析： 考查时态。由since last month可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；arise出现，发生；rise上升，上涨，符合题意。 答案： B,4Ive got to go now.
11、 Must you？I_you could stay for dinner with us. Athink Bthought Chave thought Dam thinking 解析： 考查时态。前句动词用现在时。后句指原以为，用thought。 答案： B,5He_football regularly for many years when he was young. Awas playing Bplayed Chas played Dhad played 解析： when he was young指过去时间，由regularly可知，句中动词指过去经常发生的动作，故用一般过去时。 答案：
12、 B,6Can I sit at the table near the window? Im sorry，but it_already. Ahas taken Btook Cwas taken Dhas been taken 解析： 考查时态的具体运用。根据句意可知，那张桌子已经被占用了，因此用现在完成时，并且table与take为动宾关系，因此用被动语态，故选D。 答案： D,7He_Beijing，so he knows a lot about it. Ahas gone to Bhas been to Cwent to Dgoes to 解析： 考查现在完成时。“have been to
13、某地”，表示“曾经去过某地”；“have gone to某地”表示“已经去某地了，还没回来或正在途中”。 答案： B,8What happened to the saleswoman? We dont know.She _around here these days. Ahasnt seen Bhasnt been seen Cdidnt see Dhasnt been seeing 解析： 由句中these days可以判断应用现在完成时，由语境知“她没有被看到”，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故选B。 答案： B,9Hes worked on the farm_. Atwo years ago
14、 Bsince two years Csince two years ago Dfor two years ago 解析： B、D两项结构错误，A项two years ago应与一般过去时连用，因此选C项，since过去时间点，也可用for时间段“for two years”。 答案： C,10I hear your sister_to Japan twice.And she _back last week. Ahas gone；came Bhas been；came Chas been；come Dwent；came 解析： “去过某地回来”用has been to，has gone to表
15、示还没回来，第二个空last week是一般过去时的时间状语，因此come用一般过去时，故选B。 答案： B,11Progress_so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. Awas Bhad been Chas been Dwill be 解析： 考查动词时态。so far至今，是与现在完成时连用的时间状语，故选C。 答案： C,12I know him very well，because we_friends for ages. Ahave made Bhave been Chad been Dare 解析： 根据句中的时间状语for ages可知应使用现在完成时。 答案： B,13Do you know our town at all? No，this is the first t
