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1、2015届高考英语二轮专题训练：阅读理解（13）ANo one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on do
2、ing one specific job.Lets take a man well call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his tre
3、es into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invente
4、d a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of
5、course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really
6、 good plows.Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.A medium, in advertising talk, is the
7、 way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such
8、 as a bell, were used to get peoples attention.A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their
9、 products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world. (478 wor
10、ds)41. What probably led to the start of advertisement?A. The discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor. C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques.42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright _. A. praised his plows in publicB. placed a sign outside the shop C. hun
11、g an arrow pointing to the shopD. showed his products to the customers43. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to _. A. explain the origin of advertising B. predict the future of advertising C. expose problems in advertising D. provide suggestions for adverti
12、sing44. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who _. A. owned a ship B. had the loudest voice C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. functioned like todays TV or radio commercial45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about _. A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising C
13、. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertisingBThousands of people in the world are a hundred years old or more and certain parts of the world are famous for the long lives of their inhabitants: the Vilacamba Valley in Ecuador, and the home of the Hunzas in the Himalayas.Why do
14、so many people live to a healthy old age in certain parts of the world? What is the secret of their long lives? Three things seem to be very important: fresh air, fresh food and a simple way of life. People work near their homes in the clean, mountain air instead of traveling long distances to work
15、by bus, car or train. They do not sit all day in busy offices or factories, but work hard outdoors in the fields. They take more exercise and eat less food than people in the cities of the West. For years the Hunzas of the Himalayas did not need policemen, lawyers or doctors. There was no crime, no
16、divorce and not much illness in their society. They were a happy, peaceful people, famous all over India for their long, healthy lives.Do you want to live to a hundred years old? Here are some rules for success. First, choose your parents and grandparents carefully. If they lived or live to a good old age, so will you. Secondly, live in the right place. Th
