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1、Unit 9 Wheels,Module 3,Part 2 Of 2,11. cause, reason与excuse 三个词都可以作名词,cause是自然造成某种结 果的原因；reason指在事实的基础上通过逻辑 判断出来的理由,常与for短语连用；excuse表示 “辩解,借口”,指为某一行为所做的解释,可以 是真的,也可以是托词。 make up an excuse 编造一个借口,Too much work is no excuse for not studying. 工作太多并不是不学习的借口。 Heart trouble is one of the most serious caus
2、es of death among old people. 心脏病是导致老年人死亡的最重要的原因之一。 (不用reason),The cause of the fire is not known yet. 大火的原因还不清楚。(不用reason) The reason (why) I was absent yesterday is that I was sick. 我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。(不用cause) We have no reason to disbelieve him. 我们没有理由不相信他。(不用cause), 名词cause可接介词或of短语,cause for后接表 示忧虑
3、、埋怨、惊恐等感情的词,如cause for anger / regret / anxiety / complaint(生气/后悔/忧 虑/埋怨的原因),cause of后接感觉以外的名词。 如：cause of the delay / the noise / the fighting/ the disaster(耽搁/噪音/打架/灾难的原因)。, 在The reason (why) I was absent is that I was sick. 这一句中，引导定语从句的why可以换成 for which, that引导表语从句,不能换成because。,cause可用作动词,cause t
4、rouble to/for people =cause people trouble表示“给人带来麻烦”, cause the patient much pain(使病人感到疼痛), 也可用 cause sb. to do这一结构。,The drought caused the vegetable prices to go up. 干旱使得蔬菜价格上涨。 The shaking of his hands caused the old teacher to give up teaching. 手的颤抖病使得那位老教师放弃了教学工作。,reason可以作动词,意为“推理,推论,评理,劝说”。 re
5、ason from general laws 从一般规律推论 reason with sb. for / against sth. 为了赞成/反对某事而与某人评理,1. 起火的原因是不谨慎。 The _ of the fire was carelessness. 2. 那些植物死于何种原因？ What _ the plants _ die?,cause,caused to,12. compare compare作“比较”解时,常用作及物动词,与介 词with或to搭配,指同类事物的具体比较。 Compare this with that, and you will see which is b
6、etter. 把这个和那个比较一下,你就可以看出哪个比 较好了。,compare作“比作”解时,与介词to搭配,是 非同类事物的抽象比较。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人生比作舞台。 People often compare girls to flowers. 人们常把姑娘比作花朵。,表示比较,可以用compare with或compare to,但 表示比喻,只能用compare to。 过去分词短语compared to或compared with表示 “与比起来”,常在句中作状语,可位于句首 或句尾,介词to和with可
7、通用。 It was a small place when compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还是一个小地方。,13. 有关pull的短语,pull up (使)停住 pull out 从车站开出,离站 pull in 到站,进站 pull through 恢复健康 pull down 拆毁,The car pulled up at the traffic lights. 汽车在交通灯处停了下来。 We were still on the platform when the train pulled out. 当火车离站时,我们仍在站台上。
8、The train pulled in and my mother got out of the first carriage. 火车进站了,妈妈从第一个车厢中走了出来。,He was badly injured when falling off a horse but he will pull through. 从马上掉下来后,他严重受伤,但会恢复的。 That building on the corner was very old. They pulled it down and put up a modern bank. 角落的那栋楼太旧了,他们把它拆毁,建成一栋 现代化银行。,1. 从
9、罗马来的快车准时进站了。 The express from Rome _ on time. 2. 司机遇到交通灯时将车停下来。 The driver _ when he came to the traffic lights.,pulled in,pulled up,14. be fed up with / of / about 对感到厌烦,厌倦 She will be a bit fed up if you dont telephone her. 如果你不给她打电话,她会不高兴的。 Im fed up of waiting for him, I must go now! 我等他都等烦了,我这就
10、走！ Im rather fed up with/about your complaint. 我听够了你的牢骚。,15. mean vt. say sth. in different words 意思是,意味着 What do you mean by saying so? 你这么说是什么意思？ What does this word mean? =What is meant by this word? 这个词做什么解释？ What he said meant hiring more workers. 他的意思是再雇一些工人。,vt. want or plan to do sth. 意欲,企图
11、I didnt mean to hurt you. 我本无意要伤害你。 He means to make progress. 他意欲取得进步。,mean作第一个意思解时,后面的非谓语动词用动名词,作第二个意思解时,后面的动词用不定式。,mean sth. to sb. 对某人重要，对某人有价值 Your friendship means a great deal to me. 你的友谊对我极为珍贵。,adj. 粗陋的,破烂不堪的;吝惜的,自私的 a mean house in a mean street 破烂街道上的简陋房屋 Her husband is rather mean over mo
12、ney matters. 她的丈夫对钱财相当吝惜。,mean to do sth. 打算做某事 be meant to do sth. 应该干某事 Do you mean to say? 你的意思是说吗？ What do you mean by? 你是什么意思？ You dont mean to say so. 你不是这个意思吧。,1. Why didnt you tell Anna the truth? I _(我本来打算). But I was lacking in the courage. 2. You _(应该) attend your sisters wedding. Why did
13、nt you come?,meant to have,were meant to,16. agree,agree to (do) sth. 同意/答应做某事 agree with 与意见一致;与符合； 适宜于的健康或体质 agree on 就取得一致意见,I asked him to help me and he agreed. 我请他帮忙,他答应了。 They agreed to our study plan at once. 他们立即同意了我们的学习计划。 I do not agree with what you have said. 我不同意你所说的。 Your story agreed
14、 with what I had already heard. 你所说的故事和我所听到的相符。,The climate doesnt agree with me. 这气候对我不适宜。 They all agree on the matter. 他们在这个问题上意见一致。 The two sides have agreed on the date of negotiations. 双方商定了谈判的日期。,1. 玛丽的父亲已同意她嫁给约翰。 Marys father has _ her marrying John. 2. 这账单与你原来的估计不符合。 This bill does not _ yo
15、ur original estimate. 3. 他们商定了合同的条件。 They _ the terms of the contract.,agreed to,agree with,agreed on / upon,17. go up 上升；攀登 I believe prices might go up next week. 我想下周的价格也许会上涨。 The river / temperature is going up. 河水在上涨/温度在上升。 They went up the mountain/trees. 他们爬上了山/爬上了树。,go up to 上升到 go up by 上升了
16、,18. carry out, carry on与carry through carry out 进行,实行 We must carry out the plan to the full. 我们必须不折不扣地执行计划。 There is some difficulty in carrying out the experiment. 进行这个实验有些困难。,carry on 继续进行,坚持下去 They carried on in spite of the difficult conditions. 尽管条件困难,他们仍坚持下去。 Well carry on our talk tomorrow. 我们明天继续谈。 carry through 完成,进行
