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1、第四章 非谓语动词,一、不定式 1不定式作主语 不定式可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。 【例1】 _ English today is the most important task to me. AStudy BBeing studied CStudied DTo study 答案 D,【例2】 It is my honor _ here to spend some time with you. Ato be invited Binviting Cbeing invited Dto invite 答案 A,2不定式
2、作表语 不定式作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。 【例3】 The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_ it more difficult. Anot making Bnot make Cnot to make Dto not make 答案 C,【例4】 Today my job is _ all the flowers in the garden. Awater Bhaving watered Cto water Dwatered 答案 C,3不定式作宾语 英语中有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词有：wa
3、nt，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。 【例5】 We agreed _ here，but so far she has not turned up yet. Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met 答案 C,【例6】 When his father came back，the boy pretended _ his homework. Adoing
4、Bto do Cdone Dto be doing 答案 D 【例7】 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. Ato be heard Bto hear Cbeing heard Dhearing 答案 A,4不定式作宾补 (1)有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，wa
5、nt，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for，would like等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等动词后不能接sb.to do sth.结构。,【例8】 We cant count on a man like Jim _ us the necessary help. Ato give Bgiving Cto be given Dgiven 答案 A (2)有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们的后面可接不带to的不定
6、式作宾补，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主补。,【例9】 My parents have always made me _ about myself，even when I was twelve. Afeeling well Bfeeling good Cfeel well Dfeel good 答案 D,5不定式作定语 (1)不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短语后面作定语。 【例10】 John was the last ma
7、n _ dinner in our family. Ato be invited for Bto be invited to Cinvited for Dinviting to 答案 B,(2)不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。 The next train to arrive was from New York.(主谓关系) It was a game to be remembered.(动宾关系),【例11】 That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathro
8、oms.(2010上海) Areducing Bto reduce Creduced Dreduce 答案 B,6不定式作状语 (1)作原因状语。不定式常可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。 【例12】 We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010辽宁) Afinding Bto find Cfind Dto be find 答案 B,(2)作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do ”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语。in
9、 order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to一般不置于句首。 【例13】 With Fathers Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010全国) Abuy Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought 答案 B,【例14】 _ lose his job，Tom kept quiet about the accident. AIn order to not BIn order not to CTo not DSo as n
10、ot to 答案 B,(3)作结果状语。具体形式是：too adj./adv.to do意为“太而不能”；adj./adv. enough to do意为“足以”；only/just to do表示出乎意料的结果。 【例15】 Do you think you are brave enough _ bungee jumping? Atrying Bin trying Cto try Dand try 答案 C,【例16】 He hurried to the station，only _ the train had left. Afinding Bfound Cto find Dfind 答案
11、C,(4)用于“主语be形容词不定式”结构。该结构中的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式，且不定式必须是及物动词。,【例17】 The armchair is very comfortable _. Ato sit Bto sit in Csitting in Dfor sitting down 答案 B 【例18】 We found the exercise difficult _ without the help of the English teach
12、er. Ato be done Bto do Cto do it Dof doing 答案 B,7“疑问词不定式”结构 此结构相当于名词的功能，即作主语、宾语、表语等成分。不定式一般只用主动式不用被动式。疑问词须作不定式的相应成分。 【例19】 Its no use having ideas only. Dont worry.Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act. (2010辽宁) Ahow Bwho Cwhat Dwhere 答案 A,【例20】 The police officer wants to know what measu
13、res _ to find the murderer as soon as possible. Ato take Bto be taken Ctaken Dbeing taken 答案 A 【例21】 I was made to write a letter in English，but I dont know _. Awhat to write about Bhow to begin with Chow to write about Dwhat to begin 答案 A,8不定式的时态和语态 不定式的时态变化往往是相对于谓语动词而言的，如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或与
14、谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的语态变化往往针对其逻辑主语而言，如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，用不定式的被动式。,【例22】 The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported _ the world record in the 110meter hurdle race. (2007辽宁) Abreaking Bhaving broken Cto have broken Dto break 答案 C 【例23】
15、Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one _ first is the library. (2010重庆) Arepaired Bbeing repaired Crepairing Dto be repaired 答案 D,二、动名词 动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，一般不作状语，有各种形式的变化。 1动名词作主语 动名词可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动名词放在后面。注意：no use，no good作表语时，真正的主语常用动名词，一般不用不定式。,【例24】 In my mind，_ that famous university will be the only way to become a worldclass writer. Aattending Battended Cattend Dhaving attended 答
