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1、Grammar,非真实条件句中 虚拟语气 if省略 几种特殊的虚拟语气 从句中的虚拟语气,时态,从 句,主 句,表示现在,过去时 (be-were),should+动词原形 would +动词原形 could +动词原形 might +动词原形,1.和现在的事实相反,一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气,时态,从 句,主 句,表示过去,had + 过去分词,should+have+过去分词 would +have+过去分词 could +have+过去分词 might +have+过去分词,2.和过去的事实相反,时态,从 句,主 句,表示将来,should+动词原形 would +动词原形 could
2、 +动词原形 might +动词原形,3.和将来的事实相反,1)were to +动词原形 2)should +动词原形 3)动词过去式,If 的省略,虚拟倒装句 1.Were it (=If it were) not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties. 2.Had I (=If I had) known about it,I would have told you. 3.Should anyone (=If anyone should )call,please take a message. What would
3、 have happened, _ as far as the river bank? (01 上海) Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther,C,1) 介词短语表条件 常用的介词有with, without, but for But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. Nothing could live without the sun.,几种特殊的虚拟语气,2) 情境中提供虚拟
4、语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。 Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.,3) Its (high/low) time 从句： It is
5、 (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. 类似的结构为 would rather 从句： I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.,4) 比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. if only 则表示“如果就好了”。其从句中的谓语 动词用过去时或过去完成时。
6、If only I knew more. If only the alarm clock had rung. If only 也可用于陈述语气。 If only he comes early. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see,B,考题点击：,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示 与事实相反的愿望。 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) 2)与过去事实相反 : wish +
7、(that)+had done 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do,2. 某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 四项要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外有:prefer 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气,状语从句中的虚拟语气,as if,as though引导的状语从句中， 表示和
8、现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表 示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示 将来用would + 动词原形。 It seems as if the man were his brother. This device operated as though it had been repaired.,(7) 个别表示程度，频率的副词前置 Always, Often, Well, Bitterly, Gladly, Brightly, Once, Every other day, Now and then e.g. Often would she (she would) weep whe
9、n alone. Brightly shone the moon that night. (B)15. Many a time _ swimming alone. A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy,3. to 作介词的常见短语 be / get / become used to 习惯于 adapt to 适应 be given to 喜欢；癖好 be related to 与有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself t
10、o 献身于；专心于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被录取；准进入,be reduced to 沦为 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成 look forward to 盼望 stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意 prefer to更喜欢 refer to 谈到；参考；查阅 turn a blind eye to对视而不见 turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻,be senior to 年龄长于 be junior to 年轻于 be superior to 优越于 be inferior to 不如 be equal to 和相等 be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭受患 due to 由于；归因于 thanks to 多亏了；由于 owing to 由于；因的缘故 in / with regard to 关于 in /with relation to 关于；就而论,
