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1、语法专题六：情态动词一、综述时态往往和语态在出题方面结合比较紧密，而情态动词和虚拟语气也有类似之处。情态动词有一定到意义，但不能独立作谓语，往往和后面到动词原形一起构成谓语部分，在不同到语境中表达不同到情感和语气，从而突出语言在交流中到作用和魅力。情态动词在高考中所占的比分也比较大，往往出现在单选，完形以及改错题中，情态动词是每年高考必出到考点之一。所以，我们需要很好到掌握这方面到语法常识。学习中，我们就结合历年的高考趋势和方向来学习和掌握情态动词在英语中到应用。二、分类一）can, cant, could, couldnt; be able to 二）should, shouldnt; mu
2、st, mustnt; have to, dont have to; ought to, ought not to三）need（也可作实意动词）, neednt; dare(也可作实意动词); shall（也可作助动词）; will（也可作助动词）, would四） must / may / might / could + have + done 表示“本-而实际上没有”。三、高考试题引入： 1. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well，hehave gone farhis coats still here.A.
3、 shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt答案 C2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. WhereI have put it?A. can B. must C. should D. would答案 A3. She looks very happy. Shehave passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. should B. could C. mustD. might答案 C4. May I smoke here? If you，choose a seat
4、in the smoking section.A. shouldB. could C. may D. must答案 D解析 由本题语境可知，空白处应表示“非得”之意，故须用must。5. Helengo on the trip with us，but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shallB. mustC. mayD. can答案 C6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 四、
5、情态动词详细归纳： 一）can、could与be able to 1. 表示能力 e.g. 我们当中的大部分人都会电脑，但是去年我还不会用。 Most of us can use the computer now, but I couldnt use it last year. e.g. 他没能爬上山顶。 He was not able to climb up on the top of the mountain. e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2. 表示客观的
6、可能性 e.g. 有时候焦作的气温可能会交到零下10度。 Sometimes the temperature in Jiaozuo can fall to ten degrees below freezing. e.g. 焦作有时容易刮风，尤其在春季。 It can be quite windy in Jiaozuo, especially in spring. 3. 表示推测。表示推测时，一般不用于肯定句中，多用于否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. 他不可能是我们的班主任，因为他已经去郑州开会了。 He cant be our head teacher as he has gone to Zhen
7、gzhou for a meeting. 对比： e.g. He may not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengzhou for a meeting. 他可能不是我们的班主任，因为他说他已经去郑州开会了。 e.g. He may well not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengou for a meeting. 他很可能不是我们的班主任，因为他说他已经去郑州开会去了。 总结：cant 不可能（语气最肯定）；well may not 很可能不（语气比较肯定）；may
8、 not可能不（语气最不肯定） 4. 表示惊异或怀疑，常用语疑问语气。 e.g. 那怎么会是真的呢？ How can it be true？ e.g. 这到底是什么意思？ What on earth can this mean? 5. 表示请求，口语中常常用could 代替can 语气更委婉。 e.g. -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. e.g. - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) e.g. 要钱你能在等几天吗？ Coul
9、d you wait a few days for the money? e.g. 明天早上8点你能到这里来吗？ Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 6. 在将来时和完成时中只能用be able to e.g. 我确信我很快就能得到那份工作。 I am sure I will be able to get this job soon. e.g. 他们已经能够按时完成任务了。 They have been able to finish the work on time. 7. 表示经过努力而成功地办到某事，用be able to
10、 不用 can 或could. 这里be able to 相当于：succeed in 或 manage to e.g. 经过几年的努力，他终于通过了考试。 After years of hard work he was able to pass the final exam. 8. 表示一次性的事情，多用be able to, be able to 一般不表示经常性的事件。 e.g. 学完这个公式后，你就能够解出这道数学题了 After studying this formula you will be able to solve the math problem. 9. cant wait
11、 表示“急于做某事” 相当于 be eager to - e.g. I cant wait to read this story book. 我非常渴望读这本故事书。 e.g. I couldnt wait to see her. 我渴望见到她。 10. can not - too- 表示“再-也不为过”；“越- 越好”。 类似的用法还有：can never -too-; can not - enough; can never - enough. e.g. 我们做实验时越细心越好。 We can not be too careful in doing experiments. e.g. 饮用水
12、越干净越好。 Drinking water can never be clean enough. e.g. 我认为一个人的知识越多越好。 I think it right that one can not learn too much knowledge. e.g. 我们无论怎么表扬他也不过分。 We can not praise him too much. 二）、 may 与might 1. 表示“允许”；“可以” e.g. - May I ask you a question? - Yes, please. e.g. - May I watch TV after supper? - Yes
13、, you may. (or No, youd better not.) e.g. Might I use your telephone? (比用may语气更婉转) 2. 表示可能性的推测 含有“或许、大概或可能”的意思（多用于肯定句中）. 用might 代替may 时，语气将显得更加不肯定。 e.g. 我听说可能还留有几本书。 I hear there may be a few books left. e.g. 他明天或许会来。 He might come tomorrow. 3. 表示期望或祝愿 e.g. May you succeed! 祝你成功！ e.g. 但愿你有更多像今天这么愉快的日子。 May you have more days as happy as this one! 三）、must 与have to 1. must 表示“必须、应该”。强调主观看法，只有现在时。其否定形式为:must not (mustnt)。以mus
