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1、,英语句法,2,句子是表达思想的基本单位。句子由单词遵循一定的规律组成，也就是语法。,按照使用目的，句子可分四类： 陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句,按照结构可分三类： 简单句，并列句，复杂句,句子成分： 主语 表示句子所说的是谁或是什么 谓语 说明主语的动作、状态或特征 宾语 表示动作的对象 表语 说明主语的性质、特征、身份等 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,简单句句型： 1. 主+系+表 He is a student. 2. 主+谓 We work hard. 3. 主+谓+宾 I teach English. 4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 He gave me a
2、book. 5. 主+谓+宾+宾补 I want him to come. 复合宾语 （宾语与其补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系）,2019/3/8,句子的定义: 句子是用来描述一件事情,表达一个思想, 提出一个问题,它是有一定的语法结构排列组成的。 Im interested in English.我对英语感兴趣。 What would you like?你想要点什么？,句子的分类: 句子可以从两种角度来分类: 1) 根据句子的用途来分,英语的句子有下列几种: 一) 陈述句: 用来陈述,讲明一件事情,一个情况；包括肯定句和陈述句。 Mr. Dix came to our university to
3、teach English， but he couldnt speak Chinese. 二) 疑问句: 向对方提出问题的句子就叫疑问句,一般需对方作出回答。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和设问句。 -What do you want?- I want a book.你要什么? 我要一本书。 -Can you speak English?Yes, a little. -Its a fine day, isnt it?Yes, it is. -What would you like to have , coffee or tea?OK, either will do.,三)
4、祈使句: 用来向对方(听众)发出请求,命令或建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句一般需对方作出行为动作。 Come here, please.请过来。 Lets hurry, shall we? Let us go together, will you? Do come to school on time tomorrow and never make any excuse to me. 四) 感叹句: 用来表示自己的一种强烈感情的句子叫感叹句,常用What/How 引导感叹句, 包括感叹部分和陈述部分. What/How+被感叹词+主语+谓语+! What an interesting story /
5、 it is!多有趣的故事啊! How beautiful / your sweater is!你的毛衣多漂亮啊！,2) 根据句子的结构来分,句子可分为下列几种: 一) 简单句:句中只含有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子叫做简单句。 I study English every day.我天天学习英语。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an more and more important role in our daily communication. 二)并列句 由并列连接词把两个以上(含两个)的简单句连在一起的句子叫做并列句。在
6、并列句中,各个简单句意思完整,不受其他简单句的影响。 These flowers are white and those flowers are red。 I am a workerbut my brother is a professor.,三) 复合句:句子中含有从句的句子叫做复合句, 包括定语从句(形容词性从句、状语从句（副词性从句）以及名词性从句（包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句） I knowthat its difficult to master English well.我知道学好英语不容易。 Ill tell you the news as soon as (it
7、is ) possible. Do you know the citywhich is famous for its light industry products?,复合句的种类,名词性从句 形容词性从句(定语从句) 副词性从句(状语从句),名词性从句,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句. 引导词: 1. 从属连词:that, if , whether 2. 连接代词: who, what, which, whom, whose 3. 连接副词: when, where, how, why等.,定语从句,引导词分为两类: 1. 关系代词: who, whom, whose
8、, which, that, as 2. 关系副词: where, when, why等 引导词的作用: 1. 代替先行词; 2. 引导定语从句; 3. 在从句中充当成分, 关系代词作主语, 宾语(可以省略), 表语; 关系副词作状语.,定语从句难点,1.whose引导的定语从句. whose 作定与修饰后面的名词, 可修饰人或物, 相当于of whom , of which Eg. His the student whose composition(the composition of whom) won the first prize. I refer to the house whose
9、 window (the window of which ) faces the lake.,2.which和as 引导非限制性定语从句的区别,which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面, as引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句前后均可; as意为“正如”, 后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等.另外用于某固定搭配, 如the sameas, suchas等; which意为“这一点”, 如: As we all know, he studies very hard. He turned out to be very succe
10、ssful, which was more than we could expect.,3.介词提前的定语从句,介词which/ whom, 不能用that 或who 如何选用合适的介词: 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择. The two things _ _ they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. 应填of which , be proud of 为固定短语.,根据介词与前面的名词搭配选择. 1) Can you find a proper situation _ _ the expression can be used?
11、 2) Ill never forget the day _ _ I first met him. 应填in which和on which, 在场合,介词用in; 表示具体的某一天, 用on.,4. 关系副词引导的定语从句,when, where, why在定语从句中作状语. When in/ on/ atwhich; where in/ atwhich; why for which. I know the reason why (for which) he was unhappy. This is the house where (in which) we lived for 5 years
12、.,选择关系词一定要考虑它在从句中的作用, 即作主语、宾语、表语、定语时用关系代词,作状语时则用关系副词. I still remember the days which we spent together on the farm.(宾语) I never forget the days when we worked on the farm.(状语) He always stayed at the office at 6:00, by which time others had gone home.(定语),状语从句,表示时间 when, as, before, since, until 表示地点 where, wherever 表示原因 because, as, since 表示结果 so that, so . that, such . that 表示目的 (so) that, in order to 表示条件 if, unless 表示比较 than, (not)as. as, 表示方式 as if , as though 表示让步 though/although, even if,Thanks!,
