《预防医学-生命质量》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《预防医学-生命质量（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、预防医学关于生命质量讨论的相关文献百度知道：美国加州大学的一位教授对人的生命质量提出新说：“生得好，活得长，病得晚，死得快。”其意就是告诉人们：健康地活着。 “生得好”，不但是指五官端正，更重要的是没有疾病，尤其是没有遗传疾病。 “活得长”，就是希望每个人都能长命百岁。一般而言，女性比男性平均寿命长2岁到6岁，但是，如果男性注重自我保重，自我保健，同样可以延年益寿。 “病得晚”，给我们的启发是，即使你能活到88岁，可你在20岁就开始生病，病情折磨你六十多年。这一辈子还有什么幸福可言？所以，我们要保持健康的体魄，要让疾病晚点来。 “死得快”，就是身患疾病的时间短，如果一个人87岁得病，88岁去世
2、，这样，既减少本人的痛苦，又减轻家庭和社会的负担。维基百科：A recent World Health Organization statement1 describes palliative care as an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means
3、of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual. The focus on a patients quality of life has increased greatly during the past twenty years. In the United States today, 55% of hospitals with more than 100 beds offer a p
4、alliative-care program,3 and nearly one-fifth of community hospitals have palliative-care programs.4 A relatively recent development is the concept of a dedicated health care team that is entirely geared toward palliative treatment: a palliative-care team.姑息医学的定义一门临床学科，通过早期识别、积极评估、控制疼痛和治疗其它痛苦症状，包括躯体
5、的、社会心理和心灵的困扰 ，来预防和缓解身心痛苦，从而改善面临威胁生命疾病的病人和他们的亲人的生命质量。提供疼痛控制及其他痛苦症状的临床医疗服务，维护和尊重生命，把濒死认作一个正常的过程，既不刻意加速死亡、也不拖延死亡，整合病人的精神心理，心灵和宗教的关怀为一体提供支持系统以帮助病人尽可能以积极的态度活着直到死亡。对象，中晚期癌症的患者，无生物学前景的非恶性重大疾患病人，晚期AIDS患者基本理念：“积极的整体的关怀”姑息医学的基本焦点，关怀患癌病的人，而不是只对付人所患的癌症何时提供姑息医学服务？当病员患有不可根治的、进展性的、生存期相对短的疾病时提供关怀服务 能有效的缓减癌症病人的疼痛及控制
6、症状 减轻患者和亲属的精神心理痛苦 为家属和国家节约医疗经费开支 缓减社会争论已久的“安乐死”的日益突出的矛盾 完善现代医学模式的建设姑息关怀的基本任务，帮助人们从严重的病痛中过渡，支持人们与晚期疾病所面临的死亡斗争，寻求末期的平静与尊严，姑息关怀就是进行“舒缓治疗”，“舒缓治疗”的目的不是进行根治，不是为了幸存。核心伦理学原则，尊重病人的自主权、行善（做好事）、不作恶（不伤害）、公正（公平应用资源）。绝对的伦理学原则，以诚相待的交流、尊重生命、接受不可避免的死亡 The term quality of life is used to evaluate the general well-bei
7、ng of individuals and societies. standard indicators of the quality of life include not only wealth and employment, but also the built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging.1edit International developmentQuality of life is an important
8、concept in the field of international development, since it allows development to be analyzed on a measure broader than standard of living. Within development theory, however, there are varying ideas concerning what constitutes desirable change for a particular society, and the different ways that q
9、uality of life is defined by institutions therefore shapes how these organizations work for its improvement.Organizations such as the World Bank, for example, declare a goal of working for a world free of poverty,4 with poverty defined as a lack of basic human needs, such as food, water, shelter, fr
10、eedom, access to education, healthcare, or employment.5 In other words, poverty is defined as a low quality of life. Using this definition, the World Bank works towards improving quality of life through neoliberal means, with the stated goal of lowering poverty and helping people afford a better qua
11、lity of life.Other organizations, however, may also work towards improved global quality of life using a slightly different definition and substantially different methods. Many NGOs do not focus at all on reducing poverty on a national or international scale, but rather attempt to improve quality of
12、 life for individuals or communities. One example would be sponsorship programs that provide material aid for specific individuals. Although many organizations of this type may still talk about fighting poverty, the methods are obviously significantly different.Because of these differences in the th
13、eory and practice of development, there are also a wide range of quantitative measures that are used to describe quality of life.edit Quantitative measurementUnlike per capita GDP or standard of living, both of which can be measured in financial terms, it is harder to make objective or long-term mea
14、surements of the quality of life experienced by nations or other groups of people. Researchers have begun in recent times to distinguish two aspects of personal well-being: Emotional well-being, in which respondents are asked about the quality of their everyday emotional experiencesthe frequency and
15、 intensity of their experiences of, for example, joy, stress, sadness, anger, and affection and life evaluation, in which respondents are asked to think about their life in general and evaluate it against a scale.6 Such and other systems and scales of measurement have been in use for some time.edit
16、Human Development IndexMain article: Human Development IndexPerhaps the most commonly used international measure of development is the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines measures of life expectancy, education, and standard of living, in an attempt to quantify the options available to individuals within a given society. The HDI is used by the United Nations Development Programme in the
