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1、题型及分数:I. Multiple choice（共35题，每题1分）II. Judgments本大题10个判断题，每题2分, 共20分IIITerm explanation本大题5个名词解释题，每题5分, 共25分IVWriting本大题2个论述题，共20分。 请注意： 1. 所有试卷都必须交给监考老师！ 2所有答案全部写在答题纸（ANSWER SHEET）上，否则视为无效卷。 3试卷首页、答题纸（ANSWER SHEET）上都必须填写姓名、学号等。选择题请主要参考教材和课件知识点The Commonwealth of Nations(英联邦国家)Oliver Cromwell（奥利弗克伦威
2、尔）The Supreme Court of USA（美国最高法院）the Hundred Years War（百年战争）Ministers are appointed by the queen on the recommendation of the Declaration of Independence（部长们的任命是由女王在独立宣言上推荐的）the American Civil War（美国民事战争）the main agricultural crops of each part of USA（美国的每个部分的主要农作物） 1. 20% of the land area of the U
3、S is farming land 2. Midwest for corn and soybeans 3. Southern states for cotton, tobacco, and rice. 4. Pacific coast for fruits, vegetables and wheat.( 太平洋海岸的水果，蔬菜，小麦)Elementary and secondary education in the U.S covers 12 years for ages 6 through 18, All the states have laws that require children
4、to go to school, generally until the age of 16, unless they are severely handicapped.The Capitol HillWashington D.C.the ancestors of the English and the founders of EnglandCockneyismHeptarchythe British and American educational systemsthe Glorious Revolutionthe Great Lakes Regionthe political partie
5、s in UK and USA Whigs; Tories （the Whig PartyLiberal Party the Tory PartyConservative Party）the Church of EnglandEllis IslandWASPsThe North Atlantic Driftthe Peasant Uprisingthe American leading center of heavy industrychecks and balancesTerms:Thatcherism Thatcherism referred to the policies put for
6、ward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of mark
7、et forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy. The Glorious RevolutionIn 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Euro
8、pe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne
9、. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.the Norman Conquest: The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confisticate
10、d almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.A Constitutional Monarchy The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: the head of State is a king or a queen. In
11、 practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: the United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign, by His or Her Majestys Government a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament
12、. The monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at least the 9th century. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once when, between 1649 and 1660, a republic was established.a welfare state:The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the
13、 economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities.Martin Luther King:Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a greatest leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 60s. He led over 250 000 Americans on a marc
14、h in Washington D.C. to fight for the civil rights law to guarantee equality for all people and delivered his best-known speech “I Have a Dream”. Thus he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964. But he was tragically murdered four years later.the NATOThe North Atlantic Treaty, signed on April
15、4, 1949, provided that an attack on any of the parties to the treaty would be regarded as an attack on all, and force, if necessary, would be used to restore and maintain peace and security.The War of Independence The 13 American colonies revolted against their British rulers in 1775. The war began on April 19, when British regulars fired on the Minutemen of Lexington, Mass. The fighting ended with the surrender of the British at Yorktown on Oct. 19, 1781. Great Britain signed a formal treaty recognizing the independence of the colonies.the New Dealit was put forward by American Pres
