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1、中考总复习第二讲 冠词和数词 冠词1、冠词分类及读法： 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。分为定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。2、不定冠词a / an的用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音音素开头的词前面; an用在元音音素开头的词的前面。补充：音素和音标英语国际音标共有48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。英语字母共有26个，其中有五个元音字母（a,e, i,o,u）和21个辅音字母。国际音标 （元音）音素字母 举 例 词 国际音标 （辅音）音素字母 举 例 词 国际音标 （辅音）音素字母 举 例 词 i
2、: ee bee蜜蜂 p p pen钢笔 b b bike自行车 i i it它 t t take拿 d d deep深的 e e red红色的 k k keep保持 g g gate大门 a map地图 f f fat肥的 v v vote投票 a: ar part部分 sh shop车间 z pleasure u but但是 s s seem好像 z z zone地区 o not不 th thin薄的 th this这 : or pork猪肉 h h home家 r r rich有钱的 u u push推 t ch chart图表 d j job工作 u: ue true真实的 ts ts
3、 its它的 dz ds beds床 a. China中国 tr tr trade交易 dr dr drive驾驶 : er her她 m m meet遇见 n n name名字 ei ae tael两 ng long长的 l l late 迟的 ai ie die死 w w week周 j y yes是 oi oil 油 ju: ue due适当的juurepure纯粹的 oe home家 说明：1、音素字母是英语最常用的读音规则，学会音素字母，就可以准确朗读50%的英语词汇。2、元音单个字母是短元音，两个以上的字母是长元音。a ou out在外 ere here这里 are dare敢 u
4、re tour旅行不定冠词的基本用法：（1） 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)（2） 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：An elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)（3） 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)（4） 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that
5、dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)（5） 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词
6、的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面. 定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5) 用在表示
7、方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) (7) 常用在乐器名称和文娱活动的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is
8、 from the United States of America.(10) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(11) same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)(12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 4、不用冠词（零冠词）的情况
9、(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills
10、in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(5) 节、假日前一般不用。如：On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(6) 球类和棋类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(7) 一些习惯用语中不用。如： at / to / out of / after school; in / a
11、fter class; in / into bed; after / at/to work; at home; (6) at / for breakfast/lunch/supper; (7) at night/noon/midnight; (8) on foot; (9) go to school/bed; (10) on top of; (11) in front of; (12) in / out of hospital; (13) at all; (14) on/in time; (15) at first/last/once; (16) take care of 【经典习题】用冠词填
12、空1This building is _ university.2I need _ umbrella because it looks like raining.3”Can you help me” “Sorry. Im in _ hurry.”4Please turn of_lights before you leave.5There are nine planets around _sun.6I live on_ second floor of this building.7I want to learn _ second language this term.8 _ Mississipp
13、i is one of the longest rivers in the world.9_Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.10_rich are not always happy.11I bought a dictionary yesterday._ dictionary is very good.12_ sun rises in _east.13Do you know who invented _telephone?14Would you please buy some food for _ supper15I like to climb the mountain in _ autumn.16Sometimes my parents come to _ school to see me.17I bought _ same dictionary as she bought.18The police caught the thief by _ arm.19He was paid by _ hour.20Mary began to l
