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1、Gender Differences in English LanguageBy In partial fulfillment of the requirementFor the B. A. degreeDepartment of English School of Language and CultureNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyApril, 2010ContentsAbstract.11. Introduction22. Gender Differences in English Language2.1
2、Vocabulary Differences.22.1.1 The use of adverbs, adjectives and expletives32.1.2 The use of adjectives.32.1.3 Selection forms and frequency of popular words and slang.32.2 Gender Differences in Discourse Styles42.3 Gender Differences in Communication42.4 Syntax Differences.53. Analysis of causes of
3、 gender differences in English language.3.1 Physiological Factors.63.2 Psychological Factors73.3 Historical Factors.73.4 Social Factors.83.5 Subculture Factors84. ConclusionReferences.10Gender Differences in English Language Abstract: As a symbol system and social phenomena, language is the carrier
4、of human thinking as well as communication tools, inevitably reflecting each side of community life. Gender differences commonly exist in every language, most gender differences in language originated from different social roles they played.The study of the relationship between the language and the
5、gender difference has always been an important topic in the linguistic field. Based on the previous study, the present article, from the sociolinguistic perspective, attempts to find differences in lexicon, style, syntax and communication style between male and female when they are using English. At
6、 the same time, psychological, physical, historical and social reasons will be discussed. It is hoped that certain contribution will be made to the further research.Key words: English，gender difference，reason 摘要：语言作为一种符号系统和社会现象，是人类思想的载体，思维工具和交际工具，不可避免的折射出社会价值观，宗教信仰和人们的思维观念，行为习惯，反映了社会生活的各个侧面。性别差异普遍存在
7、于各种语言中，语言中反映的性别差异大多源于男性与女性所扮演的社会角色不同.性别差异与语言的研究一直是语言学界研究的一个非常重要的课题。本文试图从社会语言学的角度出发 ,探求男性和女性在使用英语方面存在着的词汇、 风格、 句法、 交际等方面的差异 ,并探究产生这些差异的心理、生理、 历史和社会等方面的原因 ,以期对这方面的进一步研究有所贡献。关键词：英语语言，性别差异，原因1. IntroductionSince the further development of womens liberation movement in western countries in 1960s, the stu
8、dy of gender differences and languages has been a very important issue in all fields of the society. Some famous linguists began to study some unknown but amazing and even certain relationships exist between gender and language in terms of gender, for example, R1 Lakoff1, P1 Trugill2 and S1 Romaine3
9、 who had do a lot of further researches of gender differences in languages and speeches. They explored gender differences in pronunciation, intonation, vocabulary and discourse styles from the perspective of sociolinguistics, and they analyzed some reasons for the differences and their development.
10、In recent years, research on language and gender has being more and more important in domestic linguistics circles and many papers on this research are published one by one. However, among many of these papers, few can analyze gender differences and their causes thoroughly and in detail. Therefore,
11、this article attempts to explore the differences of vocabulary, syntax, discourse style and speech communication between female and male from the perspective of sociolinguistics and the reasons of these in order to make little contribution to further studies.2. Gender differences in English Language
12、sEnglish has been carved with many features which can reflect gender differences in historical and social development as an old language and these gender differences have become important study focuses because exploring gender differences in language is not only the task on linguistic but also the i
13、nevitable requirement of social development4. Based on previous studies, we found gender differences in English languages are mainly reflected in the following four aspects:2.1 Vocabulary DifferencesVocabulary differences between female and male are common problems which can easily be ignored in our
14、 daily life. Since 1970s, many famous scholars such as Lackoff, Trudgill, Zimmerman 5 and Bolinger 6 have made many researches on vocabulary differences which greatly advanced studies on gender differences in language and vocabulary. According to previous studies, we can see that vocabulary differences between male and female mainly exist in the following aspects:2.1.1 The use of adverbs, adjectives and expletives. Compared with men, women prefer to use some strong language, and high frequency of strong language is a marked charac
