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1、浅析高考阅读技巧 猜词悟义 徐祖奎2014/10/16 新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定：侧重提高阅读能力。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键！阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及到非语言因素，即：阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。历年高考试题阅读理解命题特点和规律如下：1、语
2、篇选材多为时文，题材多样化，信息丰富 选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、史地常识、科普文章等各个方面的 知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。阅读材料可以是叙述、描写、应用、说明、议论等文体皆备。2、语篇的字数明显增加，对学生的阅读速度要求高 阅读理解的词汇量保持在3500个左右，读速大约每分钟60-70个单词。也就是说高考中的每篇文章要在6-8分钟完成。3、增加了生词量，提高了猜词能力高考的文章大约有3左右的生词，须根据上下文或整篇文章才能做出推断。同时也检测考生利用理解能力和构词法知识猜测
3、词义的能力。4、试题设计精巧，干扰项编制水平高阅读理解的能力要求，主要是通过短文后面的多项选择题进行检测的。总体说来，其能力要求主要包括既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念; 既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断; 既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。一考试大纲解读，六种题型： 1 理解文中的具体信息（细节题） 2推理和判断 3理解主旨和要义 4根据上下文猜测词、短语或句子的意义 5理解作者的意图，观点和态度 6理解文章的基本结构二、实用技巧1、如果文长题少，则以略读的方式先读一遍，而后带着问题去查阅，求得要找的答案。2、如果文短题多，则应先
4、仔细阅读该短文，再去做题。遇到某个题答不来时，可带着该问题去查阅有关细节。3、如果问的是一段文章的中心思想，则应重点读段首句和段未句，看是否有主题句。有时主题句可能位于段中，也有的段落无明显的主题句，那就要自己分析、归纳中心思想。4、如果问题要求解答案数字、人名、地名、时间等，则可直接用查阅的方法来寻求答案，也可先略读而后查阅。5、如果文章中提到的事实多、涉及面广，可采取抓关键词的办法，记住文章中所谈及的各个方面，从而判断选取答问题。6、有时遇到看不懂的难句，读了几遍仍然不懂，可作记号，暂时放下，留待以后有时间再来考虑。三、题型攻克猜词悟义（一）常见词义猜测题型The underlined w
5、ord “ ” refers to (means) .Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ ”?What is the meaning of “ ” as the words are used in the text?Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ ”? （二）常用词义猜测技巧1、根据定义或解释猜词义。作者在文章中给出该词的定义或用另一种方式进行解释。这种解释也可能是一种重复说明，和定义很接近。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读
6、者便可理解该词的基本意义。特征：常有 be, be called, mean, refer to, be defined as等词语来提示。例: Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular yea
7、r.2、利用说明词义的定语或同位语猜词义。通常引出该词同位语的词语一般有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语是以括号或破折号的形式出现的，所以在生词后面，学生可以很容易地找到同该词意义相同的词。特征：常有 that is(to say), in other words, namely,or 等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields.His uncle is a zo
8、ologist, an expert who does research on animals. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. The others questioned the veracity - the truthfulness - of these reports. It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is , it will break easily。3、利用文章中的举例猜词义。根据文中所举的例子，猜出生词的意思。特征：常有
9、for example, for instance, such as, like等词语来提示。 Like people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities: movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, politicians, and the like.Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares，circles and triangles. 4.利用对比或转折
10、关系线索猜词义。当作者强调事物之间的区别和对立时，往往用对比的手法，表示对比的词语(往往是反义词)也可以暗示出生词的词义。特征：常有but, however,while,unlike,in contrast,on the contrary,instead,despite 等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knowHis brother，in contrast，is quite humble（谦虚的） and modestThough Toms face has been washed quite clean,
11、 his neck still remains grubby. These shoes are stiff，but I like soft ones. My son likes to take part in all kinds of social activities and make friends，while my daughter is introverted. 5.利用因果关系线索 特征：常以 because, so that, so/suchthat 等词汇及结构来体现。Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员）becau
12、se he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of othersThe river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow（浅的）. The clock is so accurate that it will never lose a second in more than 200 million years.Biggest power failure in the citys historyAll of our ice-cr
13、eam and frozen foods melted6.利用同类关系线索猜词义。当作者比较事物时，一般强调它们的相同或相似之处。因此，文中用来比较的部分可以给读者提供理解不熟悉的词语的线索。The snow was fallingBig flakes drifted with the wind like feathers. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your healthThey also regard drinking as harmful The old woman has a strange ha
14、bit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all called her an eccentric lady. He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. Your ideas are so nebulous that they are not clear to me.7.根据上下文猜词义 读者可从上下文已知内容中找到有关的信息，进行有机
15、的联想和推断，理解生词的含义。He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goa1，he will not give it up easi1y. Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late8.利用一般常识线索猜词义。对于许多词的词义，读者经常可以通过运用自己的生活经验或在这方面的常识猜出来。特征： 一般能够根据自己的生活经验及生活常识来判断词义。The students were jubilant when they learned that their school had placed first in the competition. - How do you know weve bought a TV set? - I saw an antenna on the top of your house. In the old days
