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1、情态动词的完成时态考点例析【考点导航】1)It _ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (09上海卷)A. mayB. canC. mustD. should2)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. (09江苏卷)A. could expressB. would expressC. could have expressedD. must have expressed【解析】1)C
2、。本题考查情态动词表示推测。依据句意，“这车子肯定是汤姆停在这里的，因为只有他有车”，这里该用must have done表示对过去情况或动作的肯定推测。2)C。本题考查情态动词表示自责。could have done表示过去本来有能力而没能做成，含有遗憾、自责的意味。句意：说了自己所做的事，他并不感到后悔，不过他觉得原本可以换一种方式表达。【重点归纳】英语里情态动词虽不是很多，却作用大，用途广，是每年高考的必考内容，特别是情态动词完成时的用法更是热门考点。为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。考点一：表示对过去情况的推测lmust have done表示对
3、过去情况或动作的肯定推测，只用于肯定句，意思是“一定做了”。如：He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.他工作一定完成了，否则他现在不会在海边开心地玩。(05北京卷)This cake is very sweet. You must have put a lot of sugar in it.蛋糕这么甜，你一定加很多糖了。（05辽宁卷）lmay / might have done表示对过去情况或动作的可能性推测，意思是“可能做了”。如：Some of yo
4、u may have finished unit one. If so, you can go on to unit two.（09江西卷）你们中有些人可能第一单元做完了，如果这样，你们可以接着做第二单元。-Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You might have put it in the wrong place.-我字典在哪里？我记得昨天放这里了。-也许你放错地方了。（07江西卷）lcant / couldnt have done表示对过去情况或动作的否定推测，意思是“不可能做了”。如：My sis
5、ter met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he couldnt have attended your lecture.我妹妹昨天在大剧院见到他的，因此，他不可能听了你的讲座。She cant have left school, for her bike is still here. (08天津卷)她不可能离开了学校，因为她自行车还在这里。考点二：表示轻微的责备或后悔lcan / could have done表示过去本来有能力而没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。如：-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh,
6、 did you? You could have stayed with Barbara.-我在纽约期间住宾馆的。-哦，是吗？你原本可以和芭芭拉住一起的。He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.他花钱买了座位，而他本来可以免费进去的。(05山东卷)lshould have done / ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做，含有责备的意思。如：You should have warned me of the difficulty earlier.你应该早点提醒我有困难?There was a lo
7、t of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you?昨天晚会挺好玩的。你本该来的，但为什么没来呀？lshouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，含有责备的意思。如：I am not feeling well in the stomach, I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我肚子不舒服，我刚才不该吃许多炸鸡。Tom ought not to have told
8、 me your secret, but he meant no harm.汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我，但他并无恶意。lneednt have done表示过去本不必做某事而实际上却做了，含有遗憾的意味。如：Its only five minutes walk. We neednt have taken a taxi.只有5分钟的步行路程，我们本不必乘出租车的。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花,因为天就要下雨了?考点三：用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实想法的假设l在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事
9、实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“would / could / should / might + have done”。如：If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the early bus.如果你起得早一点，就赶上头班车了。If you had been more careful, you couldnt have failed in the last exam.如果你能更认真些，上次考试不可能不及格的。l表示虚拟条件隐含在上下文里，这时仍然要用“would / could / should / might + hav
10、e done”表示与过去事实相反假设。如：Thank you for your help. Otherwise we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。Given more time, we might have done a better job.如果多给我们些时间，我们本来可以做得更好些。【学以致用】1)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. (08山东卷)A. can manageB.
11、 could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed2)As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.(06全国卷2)A. mayntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt3)But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.（09福建卷）A. would not winB. would not have wonC. w
12、ould winD. would have won4)-Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.-Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.（07上海卷）A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have5)Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?-She _ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.（09重庆卷）A. shall beB. should have beenC.
13、must beD. might have been6)-My cats really fat.-You _ have given her so much food.(07浙江卷)A. wouldntB. couldntC. shouldntD. mustnt7)I cant find my purse anywhere.-You _ have lost it while shopping.（08重庆卷）A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would8)Im sorry. I _ at you the other day.-Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.（08江苏卷）A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt h
