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1、武汉工业学院 硕士学位论文 废白土中提取油脂及其综合利用 姓名：任佩峰 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 指导教师：何东平 20080601 II 摘 要 油脂精炼过程要进行脱色,油脂脱色的方法很多， 目前在工业生产中使用最 广泛的是吸附脱色法。常用天然白土、活性白土和活性碳作为吸附剂，其中活 性白土在脱色效率和经济因素方面远比另外两种吸附剂好，所以油脂工厂在精 练油脂的过程中一般用活性白土对油脂脱色。油脂精炼过程中，通常使用油重 2%5%的活性白土进行吸附脱色。活性白土对油脂进行脱色后失去了活性，不 能再作脱色剂而成为废白土。脱色后的废白土中吸附有相当量的油脂，如果废 白土
2、不能得到合理的利用，不仅浪费了资源，而且还污染环境，综合利用废白 土具有重要的意义。 本论文主要研究的内容与结果归纳如下： 1利用柱塞式压榨试验装置对废白土进行压榨试验，探讨了废白土出油压 力、出油应变，废白土压榨的出油率与出油压力的关系，废白土的压榨应力- 应变关系，揭示了废白土的压榨取油比一般油料取油困难、效率低。 2 采用正己烷为溶剂浸出回收废白土中的油脂, 讨论了废白土的含水量对 浸出效果的影响以及浸出温度、固液比、浸出次数对废白土残油率的影响。得 出废白土的含水量为 2.5%时,废白土的浸出效果较好。最佳工艺条件为:浸出温 度 55,固液比 1： 1.5(W/V)。 浸出次为 5 次
3、时,废白土的残油率可降到 2%以下。 3回收废白土中油脂品质发生了很大的变化，很难用作食用油。通过电镜 观察活性白土和废白土的微观结构，简单分析了质量变化的原因。 4以废白土回收的油脂为原料，采用两步法制备生物柴油。通过单因素和 正交实验得比较理想的酯化反应条件：醇酸摩尔比 8:1，催化剂量 2.5，反应 时间 3h，反应温度 60；最佳酯交换反应条件：醇油比 35，催化剂量 1， III 反应时间 1.5h，反应温度 60,酯交换转化率可达到 98以上。产品生物柴油 各项品质指标均符合 ASTM 标准。 5 以砖制品的抗压强度为参考， 对废白土免烧砖制备过程中， 原料的选择、 各原料的配方、
4、砖成型的工艺参数和废白土含油量对砖抗压强度的影响进行试 验探讨。所制得的废白土免烧砖的抗压强度达到 GB11945-1999 中 MU15 的要 求，抗折强度达到 GB11945-1999 中 MU10 的要求。 关键词关键词关键词关键词：废白土，综合利用，取油，生物柴油，免烧砖 IV ABSTRACT A bleaching technology is necessary when refining oil, the methods of bleaching are difference, but the most general one is absorption methods for
5、bleaching. Absorbents such as natural bentonite, activated bentonite and activated carbon are usually used. Considering activated bentonite is better than the other two absorbents in bleaching and economic efficiency, Oil factory take the use of activated bentonite for bleaching. In the process of r
6、efining, activated bentonite which equal 2%5% of oil in weight is used as absorbent. After bleaching, it will lose its activity and become spent bleaching clay which absorbs much oil in the process of bleaching. If spent bleaching clay cant be utilized rationally, it will not only waste resource but
7、 also pollute environment. So comprehensive utilization of spent bleaching clay is of great significance. The main contents and results are summarized as follows: 1. Through experiment on spent beaching earth with plunger-styled pressing apparatus, approaching oil-point pressure and strain, the rela
8、tionship between oil-extracting rate of spent beaching earth and press， the relationship between stress and strain in the cold-pressing processing of spent beaching earth and then revealing the pressing of spent bleaching earth for getting oil is more difficult and less effective than common oil. 2.
9、 With spent bleaching clay of oil refining as the raw material, oil was recovered by N-hexane. The impact of the water content in the spent bleaching clay on the effect of extraction and the impact of temperature, material：N-hexane, solvent extraction times on the residual oil content in the spent b
10、leaching clay were V discussed. When the water content in the spent bleaching earth is 2.5%, the effect of extraction is better. The optimum condition of extraction are temperature 55,material:N-hexane=1:1.5(W/V).When the solvent extraction times is 5, the residual oil content in the spent bleaching
11、 clay is less than 2%. 3. The quality of the oil recovered from spent bleaching clay go bad greatly. It is very difficult for edible oil. Analysis the reason through observing the micro-structure of activated bentonite and spent bleaching clay by use of SEM. 4. With oil recovered from spent bleachin
12、g clay as the raw material, biodiesel were obtained by two-step way. Through single factor tests and orthogonal test, the optimum conditions of easterification were investigated: the molar ration of methanol to acid 8:1, catalyst dosage 2.5%, reaction time 3h, reaction temperature 60 ； the optimum c
13、onditions of easterification transeasterification were investigated: the ration of methanol to oil 35%, catalyst dosage 1%, reaction time 1.5h, reaction temperature 60；The conversing of transeasterification can reach 98%. The quality trait of bioliesel accords with the standard of ASTM. 5. The kind
14、and the amount of raw materials, the parameter of molding along with the impact on stress-resisted intensity of the bricks of the oil content in the spent bleaching clay are studied in view of capability of the bricks.The stress-resisted intensity of the no-fired bricks reach standard of MU 15 of GB
15、11945-1999 and the folding-resisted intensity of the no-fired bricks reach standard of MU 10 of GB11945-1999. Key words: spent bleachting clay，comprehensive utilization，oil recovery， biodiesel，no-fired brick I 论文独创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研 究工作所取得的成果，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个 人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研
16、究成果，也不包含为获得 武汉工业学院武汉工业学院武汉工业学院武汉工业学院 或其 它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人 或集体均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。本人完全意识到本声明的法律 责任和法律后果由本人承担。 论文作者签名： 签字日期： 年 月 日 论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解 武汉工业学院武汉工业学院武汉工业学院武汉工业学院 有关保留、使用学位论文的规 定，特授权 武汉工业学院武汉工业学院武汉工业学院武汉工业学院 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库 进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存、汇编，以供查阅和借阅。 同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复本和电子文件。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明） 论文作者签名： 导师签名： 签字日期： 年 月 日 签字日期： 年 月 日 第 1 章 绪论 1 第 1 章 绪 论 1.1 活性白土与废白土 从浸出或压榨工序由植物油料中提取的油脂即毛油，含有不宜食用
