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1、Unit 10,English Literature and Poems,Text A Development of British Literature and Poems Words & Expressions Notes Exercises Text B Shakespeare Words & Expressions Notes Exercises Supplementary Reading J. K. Rowling Knowledge Expansion Sonnet 14,Text A Development of British Literature and Poems,导读：英
2、国文学发展大致经过大致分为六个时期，分别是以诗歌作品为主的中世纪时期；以戏剧为主的文艺复兴时期；以散文诗为主的浪漫主义时期；小说逐渐兴起的维多利亚时期，小说各个流派粉墨登场的现代主义时期；和20世纪80年代之后到现在的这个时期。当下，电影艺术发展非常迅速，有很多电影剧本都堪称佳作，不难看出，文学史的车轮经过诗歌戏剧小说的变迁后，下一站很有可能是电影。,British literature refers to literature associated with the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, Channel Islands, as well as to lit
3、erature from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, prior to the formation of the UK. By far the largest part of British literature is written in the English language, but there are bodies of written works in Latin, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Scots, Cornish, Manx, Jrriais, Guernsiais and other languages
4、. Northern Ireland has a literary tradition in English, Ulster Scots and Irish. Irish writers have also played an important part in the development of English-language literature. Late medieval literature In the later medieval period a new form of English now known as Middle English evolved. This is
5、 the earliest form which is comprehensible to modern readers and listeners, albeit not easily. Middle English Bible translations, notably Wyclifs Bible, helped to establish English as a literary language. Romances appear in English from the 13th century, with King Horn and Havelock the Dane, based o
6、n Anglo-Norman originals such as the Romance of Horn. William Langlands Piers Plowman is considered by many critics to be one of the early great works of English literature along with Chaucers Canterbury Tales and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (most likely by the Pearl Poet) during the Middle Ages
7、. It is also the first allusion to a literary tradition of the legendary English archer, swordsman, and outlaw Robin Hood.,The most significant Middle English author was Geoffrey Chaucer who was active in the late 14th century. Often regarded as the father of English literature, Chaucer is widely cr
8、edited as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language, rather than French or Latin. The Canterbury Tales was Chaucers magnum opus, and a towering achievement of Western culture. The first recorded association of Valentines Day with romantic love is in C
9、haucers Parlement of Foules 1382,and sending Valentines Day cards became hugely popular in Britain in the late 18th century, a practice that has since spread to other nations. The multilingual audience for literature in the 14th century can be illustrated by the example of John Gower, who wrote in L
10、atin, Middle English and Anglo-Norman.,Geoffrey Chaucer,Women writers were also active, such as Marie de France in the 12th century and Julian of Norwich in the early 14th century. Julians Revelations of Divine Love (circa 1393) is believed to be the first published book written by a woman in the En
11、glish language. Margery Kempe (c. 1373 after 1438) is known for writing The Book of Margery Kempe, a work considered by some to be the first autobiography in the English language, which chronicles, to some extent, her extensive pilgrimages to various holy sites in Europe and Asia. Since at least the
12、 14th century, poetry in English has been written in Ireland and by Irish writers abroad. The earliest poem in English by a Welsh poet dates from about 1470. The Latin and English poem Flen flyys written around 1475, is chiefly famous for containing in coded form the first known written usage in Eng
13、lish of a particular profane term in the English language. Among the earliest Lowland Scots literature is Barbours Brus (14th century). Whyntouns Kronykil and Blind Harrys Wallace date from the (15th century). From the 13th century much literature based around the royal court in Edinburgh and the Un
14、iversity of St Andrews was produced by writers such as Henrysoun, Dunbar, Douglas and Lyndsay. The works of Chaucer had an influence on Scottish writers.,Early Modern English literature The English Renaissance dated from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. The sonnet form and other Ita
15、lian literary influences arrived in English literature. The sonnet was introduced into English by Thomas Wyatt in the early 16th century. In the later 16th century English poetry was characterized by elaboration of language and extensive allusion to classical myths. The most important poets of this
16、period included Edmund Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney. English Renaissance theatre was among the most important literary achievements of the English Renaissance.,William Shakespeare, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language, wrote over 35 plays in several genres, including tragedy, comedy and history. Other major playwrights of the time included Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe, and Thomas Kyd.,English poets of the early 17th century are crudely cl
