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1、Literature terms1Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗） 2Romance: It was a long
2、 composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.（传奇文学） 3Heroic Couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体)4Iambic Pentameter: is the most common English meter, in which each foot contains an unaccented syllable and an accented sy
3、llable. (五音步抑扬格)meter 格律 foot音步5ballad: is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（歌谣）6Sonnet: It is a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.（十四行诗） 7Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished
4、 by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.（无韵诗）8Soliloquy: an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself/ herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in a drama to disclose a characters innermost thoughts); 2. the act of talking while or
5、 as if alone(独白)9Classicism: Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Classicism was popular in Europe in the 18th century.（古典主义）10Neo-classicism: ne
6、o-classicism imitated the characteristics of Roman writers, including Horace, Virgil, Cicero, etc., in the days of Augustus. They tried to make English literature conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers. In writing plays, they used rhyme and couplet
7、 instead of blank verse, observed the trinity - the unity of time, place and action.（新古典主义）11An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used.（书信体小说）12Sentimentalism is one o
8、f the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. It justly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeoisrevolutions. It embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Indust
9、rial Revolution, marked by a sincere sympathy for the poverty-stricken ,expropriated peasants.(感伤主义)Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevails in England during the period 1798-1832. romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were disconte
10、nt with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groups because of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.（浪漫主义）Ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing, a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The form dates back
11、 to classical times and is originally intended to be sung at festivals or in plays. Brief Outline of British Literature：works1. Early and Medieval English Literature1) The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066) National epic: The Song of Beowulf 2) The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350) Arthurian Romance: Sir G
12、awain and Green Knight 3) Geoffrey Chaucer1340-1400：Messenger of Humanism The first important realistic writer “Father” of English poetry The Canterbury Tales the wife of Bath（巴斯夫人）, the Knight（骑士）, the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）, the Nuns Priest（尼姑的教士）, the Prologue（序诗）.The Romaunt of the Rose 玫瑰传奇The Book of
13、 the Duchess 悼公爵夫人 Troilus and Criseyde 特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德Thomas MaloryMorte dArthur (Death of Arthur)亚瑟之死William LanglandPiers the Plowman Boccaccio薄伽丘：Decameron十日谈 Ovid奥维德: 爱的艺术变形记2. The English Renaissance (16 century) Thomas More Utopia Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗马洛First person used blank verse Death of Ar
14、thur 亚瑟之死Tamburlaine the Great 帖木儿大帝The Jew of Malta 马尔他岛的犹太人 The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧 Hero and Leander海洛和利安得The Passionate Shepherd to His Love牧羊人的恋歌William Shakespeareone of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English literatureVenus and Adonis维纳斯与安东尼斯Th
15、e Rape of Lucrece鲁克里斯受辱记Four tragedies： Hamlet哈姆雷特Othello 奥塞罗King Lear 李尔王 Macbeth麦克白Four comedies：A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 第十二夜Ben Jonson本琼森first poet- laureate after Shakespeare the most eminent writer for the Elizabethan stagethe greatest dramatist after Shakespearethe founder of the so-called “Comedy of Humors”, Every Man in His Humor人人高兴Every Man Out of His Humor人人扫兴Volpone 福尔蓬奈the Fox狐狸The Alchemist 炼金术士 Sir Thomas Wyatt托马斯怀亚特Henry Howard,
