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1、AIX 5L v5.3 Administration 心得筆記ContentsUnit 1. Introduction1Unit 2. Installation and Maintenance2Unit 3. Management Tools4Unit 4. System Startup and Shutdown5Unit 5. Devices7Unit 6. Storage8Unit 7. Performance tools12Unit 8. Backup and Restore14Unit 9. Security and User Administration15Unit 10. Sche
2、duling19Unit 11. Printers and Queues20Unit 12. Networking Overview21Unit 13. Problem Determination23Appendix. Shell Script24Unit 1. Introduction POWER: Performance Optimized With Enhanced Risc RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computing (implement the most used instructions in hardware) 32bit 64bitAIX 4
3、.3 開始support 64bit AP，但kernel還是32bit，到AIX 5.1才是真正的64bit kernel。#bootinfo -p: 查架構是否為chrp#bootinfo -y: 查H/W bit address#bootinfo -k: 查 AIX 的 kernel 是幾 bit#oslevel: 查OS版本Note: CHRP: Common Hardware Reference Platform，AIX 5.2後只support CHRP architecture. CDE 圖型介面#lssrc -s dtsrc查CDE圖形介面是否有active SMP and C
4、lusterSMP: Symmetric Multi-Processor，多CPU共用memory, I/OCluster: 每個CPU有自己的memory, I/O LPARAIX 5.1開始support LPARAIX 5.2 開始support DLPAR 系統登入方式最好不要允許可以直接用root登入，讓所有account都先用username登入，具有admin權限者再su成root，因為任何從其它username su成root的動作都會被記錄在/var/adm/sulog中，這樣就不會分不清到底是那個root做了什麼事。搭配 $HOME/.sh_history 這個檔，裡面有記
5、錄最近該user執行過的指令#su - username不加 - 會繼承原username的環境變數有加 - 會改用新 username 的環境變數 System Availability (Redbook Chap2)Hardware components： CPU, Memory, Hard disk, Network, Power, Software components： Mirroring of LV, VG Quorum, Bootlist, RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)(RAID可用software或hardware實作，
6、後者效能好)RAID 0Striping. No redundancyRAID 1Mirroring.RAID 5Striping with parityRAID 10RAID 0 + RAID 1Unit 2. Installation and Maintenance Basic disk requirements:AIX 5L v5.3 requires at least 2.2GB disk space for BOS. Installation options:1. New and Complete Overwrite2. Migration: 會保留下大部分的資料與設定，除了 /tm
7、p3. Preservation: rootvg 會留下，但 /usr, /tmp, /var, / 下的files都會被overwrite。(IBM還真是會命名，這樣還能叫 preservation 嗎) TCB (Trusted Computing Base)有點像是系統安裝時的安全機制設定，設定 trusted path, trusted shell, trusted processes, and system-integrity checking. The tcbck command audits the security state of the system by checking
8、 the installation of the files defined in the /etc/security/sysck.cfg file (the sysck database). Base Operating System (BOS) installationRedbook p3247 詳列安裝步驟 Erase options for disks (講義p2-14) (Redbook p43)系統安裝時，如果用的是有用過的硬碟，裡面的資料還會存在，如此只要透過一些磁碟工具，還是有可能讀出這些資料來，因此這個選項讓user可以在整個硬碟都寫入資料，這樣舊資料就完全被破壞了。/var
9、/adm/ras/devinst.log 記錄 BOS installation log files. 也可以用 #smit alog_show 看 NIM (Network Installation Management)Allows you to manage an automated installation of the Base Operating System (BOS) and optional software on one or more machines. Alternate disk installationFeatures: 可以在現有系統正在執行的狀態下，安裝另一套A
10、IX OS，裝完後，以新安裝所在的hdisk重啟即可切換到新的OS，出問題後想還原，就重啟回舊安裝所在的hdisk。#alt_disk_installor#smit alt_mksysb Installation LED codes (Redbook p62) 名詞解釋BundleA bundle is a list of software that contains filesets, packages, and LPPs.LPP (Licensed Program Product)A complete software product，包含多個packages。ex: BOS is a l
11、icensed program.PackageFileset group。ex: is a packageFileset安裝程式的最小單位，包含此單一程式要執行的多個必要file。ex: .uucpPTFPTF: Program Temporary FixA PTF is an updated fileset or a new fileset that fixes a previous system problem.To apply PTFs installpAPARAPAR: Authorized Program Analysis ReportAn APAR is an emergency
12、 fix, or interim(過渡期的) fix, to a unique problem on the system. APARs will eventually become PTFs.To apply APARs instfixIn order to determine if a fix is installed on your system or to install a fix, use the instfix command. Fileset Naming (講義p4-78)LPP.Package.Fileset.Suffixex: bos.terminfo.print.dat
13、a #oslevel5300VersionReleaseModificationFixKernel有重大更新大功能變動，ex: v5.2的jfs2不能shrink，v5.3可以小功能加強Bug修正最右邊兩個的修正免費v.r.m.f or VRMF Version.Release.Modification.Fix BOS Maintenance Level#oslevel -rq列出所有做過的ML(Maintenance Level)更新#oslevel -r列出實際的BOS maintenance level可能發生#oslevel -rq查出來有裝到ML4，但#oslevel -r查出來的結
14、果ML 還是比較舊的，這是因為有相關的fileset停留在較舊的ML。 Software StatesApplied: 安裝新的AP，但也保留舊的，這樣之後可以還原成舊版，(原本的安裝會保留在 /usr/lpp/PackageName 目錄下)Committed: 安裝新的AP，但不保留舊的，無法還原，只能移除重灌 Installing software (以下動作都會用到 installp 指令)#smit installp1. Committing applied updates2. Rejecting applied updates3. Removing installed softwa
15、re4. Cleaning up after failed installations5. Listing all installable software on media 其它install指令#rpm -ivh xxx.rpm#geninstall會自動偵測合適的安裝執行程式 Software Inventory#lslpp -l列出目前裝了那些軟體lslpp: Displays information about installed filesets or fileset updates.lppchk: Be used to verify whether the software installed on your system is in a consistent state.灌完 OS, PTFs, APARs or software 之後用它來驗證完整性。它會比
