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1、英美国家概况,The United States of America,Unit 17,Life, Work, and Social Welfare,The United States of America,Think about these questions before we start: 1. What is the formation of American ethnicity? 2. What are the main religions in the United States of America? 3. What are the family organizations of
2、 Native American? 4. What has social security characterized American social insurance?,Warming-up Activities,Contents,Ethnicity Culturally diverse Biological inheritance Immigrants, The Diverse Life,Language Today, about 82 percent of Americans speak English as their primary tongue. Nearly 11 percen
3、t of the population, however, speaks Spanish as their first language, and that percentage is growing rapidly. About 4 percent of all Americans speak some other European tongue, and a small number, about 3 percent, speak an Asian, Pacific Island, Native American, or another language.,A Land of Many F
4、aiths,Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have a long history of religious tolerance. Many early immigrants came to the New World to escape religious persecution. This open- mindedness toward different faiths is evident in the tremendous diversity of faithsnearly 3 000 organized religions!
5、,Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population,Family Life,a typical or single traditional family form a variety of family organizations a marriage rate of 8.4 per 1 000 people delaying marriage having fewer children than ever new attitudes on sexual expression, birth control, abortion
6、, divorce, and child custody, Work,1,2,3,1. Opportunity and Pay,The opportunity to work and pay your own way.,2.Work hard and retire with dignity.,Work hard and retire with dignity.,3. Mobility and Its Consequences,Mobility and Its Consequences,III Social Welfare,1. Against Illness or Poverty,Govern
7、ment Help with Security against Illness or Poverty Ensuring health to pursue opportunity. Helping the poor, when all else fails.,2. Before the Social Security Act,Social Welfare in the United States: before the Social Security Act Colonial Period Early National Period The Civil War and After The Pro
8、gressive Era World War, Prosperity, and Depression,3. Since the Social Security Act,Social Welfare in the United States: since the Social Security Act Expansion: 19351968 Retrenchment: 1969 to the Present,President Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, August 14, 1935,The Social Security Act,The
9、Social Security Act was drafted during Roosevelts first term by the Presidents Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age, poverty, une
10、mployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children. By signing this act on August 14, 1935, President Roosevelt became the first president to advocate federal assistance for the elderly.,The New Deal,The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 a
11、nd 1936. They involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.,The Manpower Development Act,The Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 authorized a three-year program aimed at retraining workers displaced by new techno
12、logy. The bill did not exclude employed workers from benefiting and it authorized a training allowance for unemployed participants. Even though 200,000 people were recruited, there was minimal impact, comparatively. The Area Redevelopment Act, a $394 million spending package passed in 1961, followed
13、 a strategy of investing in the private sector to stimulate new job creation. It specifically targeted businesses in urban and rural depressed areas and authorized $4.5 million annually over four years for vocational training programs.,The 1998 Workforce Investment Act,The law was enacted to replace
14、 the Job Training Partnership Act and certain other Federal job training law with new workforce investment systems (or workforce development). Enacted during Bill Clintons second term, it represented an attempt to induce business to participate in the local delivery of Workforce Development Services
15、.,4. Social Security in the United States,In 1935, the phrase “social security” was used for both social insurance and public assistance programs. They were seen as complementary parts of a unified whole. In this view, social insurance was to be dominant, and public assistance was to perform a suppo
16、rtive, and, it was hoped, temporary, rolewithering away, for the most part, as social insurance matured.,Social insurance and public assistance programs,social insurance and public assistance programs By the end of the twentieth century, social insurance and public assistance programs had expanded to touch the lives of most Americans, transforming social welfare provision since the days of the Great Depression and providing an unprecedented level of economic security for the c
