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1、Final Exam Review This Powerpoint is a list of what we covered in Design I. Anything from this coverage may be on your final exam. (Obviously, I will emphasize the material after the mid-term exam in the final exam.),Exam Format,Open Book Open Notes Example of previous Final Exam in HW section of co
2、urse website No solution is given Reminder of Course Grading and Final Schedule Weekly Homework: 20% Minor Design Reports 30% Mid-Term Exam 20% Final Exam 30% (Monday, December 12, 2011 8:00 10:00 am, in classroom),Chapters 1, 2, and 3,Chpt. 1&2 - The Design Process Ethics in Chemical Engineering Pr
3、oduct design Chpt. 3 Molecular Structure Design Property estimation Chpt. 4 Process Creation Gross Profitability Analysis Process Synthesis Start with the reactor (differences in molecular type) Separation (differences in composition) Heat transfer, pumping, compression, flash tanks (differences in
4、temperature, pressure, and phase) Integraton,Chapters 4 and 5,Chapter 5 Simulation to Assist in Process Creation Steady-state flow sheet simulation Table 5.1 Unit Subroutines Recycle (tear streams) Recycle convergence Chapter 6 Heuristics for Process Synthesis Summary on page 174, Table 6.2 Using th
5、ese as a start in design/simulation,Chapter 7 Reactor Design,Reactor models PFR, CSTR, Equilibrium, Stoichiometric Custom made models CSTR & PFR Kinetics used to size the reactors Catalytic reactors Equilibrium reactors Temperature effects Heat effects Reactor Design for selective product distributi
6、on,Chapter 8 - Separation,Common separation methods Table 8.1 p. 211 Criteria for selection of a separation method Separation Factor (SF) Energy separation agent (ESA) Distillation Types: Tray vs. Packed towers Reflux ratio Equil. Trays Column design Design issues Heuristics page 161 Separation trai
7、n synthesis - p. 219 Mass separation agent (MSA) Needs a recycle loop,Chapter 18 Heat Exchangers,Heat duty Temperature driving force Type of equipment Shell and Tube Temperature driving force Correction factors (Figs. 18.14-16) Heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop Table 18.5 Typical overall
8、heat transfer coeff. Boiling HT T = 45F for Nucleate Boiling, Fig 18.5 Tube sheet layouts Table 18.6, Figure 18.9,Chapter 19 Separation Tower Design,Distillation FUG method Plate efficiency Tower Diameter Pressure drop Absorption/Stripping Kremser method HETP values Tower Diameter Pressure drop,Chap
9、ter 20 Pumps, Compressors, & Expanders,Pumps Various Types Compressors and Expanders Various Types,Chapter 22 - Costing,Accounting Debits/credits; annual report; balance sheet Cost Indexes Capital investment costs (Table 22.32,pg. 591) Bare model costs, Table 22.11 Total depreciable capital Total pe
10、rmanent investment Total capital investment Estimation of Total Capital Investment Order-of-magnitude Study estimate Preliminary estimate Definitive estimate,Chapter 22 - Costing,Estimation of total capital Order-of-magnitude (method of Hill) See page 553, six tenths rule +/- 50% Study estimate (Met
11、hod of Lang) See page 555 +/- 35% Preliminary estimate (method of Guthrie) See page 557 +/- 20% Most likely used for decisions Need fob equipment purchase cost,Chapter 22 - Costing,Purchase cost Pumps and Motors Figs. 22.3-6 Fans, Blowers, Compressors Figs. 22.7-9 Heat exchangers, Fired Heaters Figs
12、. 22.10-12 Pressure vessels and Towers Fig. 22.13 and equations for trays, etc. Other equipment See equations and Table 22.32, pg. 591-5,Chapter 23 Profitability Analysis,Total Production Cost Table 23.1, p. 604 C = COM + general expenses COM is sum of direct manufacturing costs plus operating overh
13、ead plus fixed costs General expenses are selling, research, admin cost, incentive pay Profit (gross earnings) or pre-tax earnings = S C where S is annual sales revenue Profit (gross earnings) or pre-tax earnings = S C where S is annual sales revenue Net earnings or profit = (1-t) gross earnings whe
14、re t = 37%,Chapter 23 Profitability Analysis,Profitability Measures Return on Investment (ROI) Definition, pg. 602 Eq. 23.1 & pg. 616 Eq. 23.7 ROI should be greater than commercial interest rate, I Moderate risk: ROI = 25% Payback Period (PBP) Time required for the annual earning to equal the origin
15、al investment, pg. 616 Eq. 23.8 Low risk should be less than 2 yr. Simple replacement should be less than one year Venture Profit (VP) Annual earnings in excess of minimum acceptable return on investment, pg. 617 Eq. 23.9 Annualized Cost Sum of production cost and a reasonable return on the capital
16、investment, pg. 617 Eq. 23.10,Chapter 17 Profitability Analysis,Time value of money Table 23.6 Single Payments Table 23.8 Annuity Factors Uniform Series Payments Equal payments p times per year, interest compounded m times per year, Eq. 23.29 p.623 Equal payments p times per year, continuous compounding interest, Eq. 23.31 p. 623,Chapter 23 Profitability Analysis,Time value of money Comparing equipment purchases Pre
