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1、,ABC,-Sensory Analysis 感官分析,-Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素,-Procedures For Smelling & Tasting 闻味和尝味的程序,-Controls For Sensory Testing 对感官测试的控制,-Methods of Sensory Tests & the Application 感官测试的方法及其应用,CONTENT,What is Sensory Analysis? 什么是感官分析,Sensory Analysis is a scientific discipl
2、ine used to evoke , measure, analyze and interpret reactions to those characteristics of foods and materials as they are perceived by the senses of: 感官分析是一门科学，用来唤起、测量、分析和诠释对于食物和原料特质的反应如以下感觉：,Sight视觉,Smell 嗅觉,Taste 味觉,Touch 触觉,Hearing 听觉,Sensory analysis is about collecting data from human assessors
3、to understand what they perceived when exposed to a product 感官分析是从人体感觉器官收集数据，进而了解它们是如何感知产品的,Human are used as measuring instrument. 人类作为测量的仪器,What is Sensory Analysis? 什么是感官分析,The Sense of Smell 嗅觉,Olfactory Nerve 嗅神经,Trigeminal Nerve三叉神经,Aroma香气 : Odour of Product 产品的气味 (nasal route) 顺鼻腔路径,Aroma香气
4、(retronasal route) 逆鼻腔路径,Procedures For Smelling 闻香的程序,Repeated short or long hard sniffs. 或长或短地重复用力吸气 Sniff same number of times resting in between each series 每次休息时吸气次数保持一致 Solids or semi-solids should be stirred or broken in order to expose to a fresh surface 固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的表面,The Sense of Tas
5、te 味觉,Bitter 苦味 Acidic 酸味 Salty 咸味 Sweet 甜味 Umami 鲜味,Procedures For Tasting 尝味的程序,Liquids 液体 Same amount for each judge 数量一致 Taste small sips and roll around mouth to activate all taste bud areas 啜饮以激活所有的味蕾 Or slurp so that liquid is sprayed uniformly throughout the mouth 或咕嘟咕嘟地喝，使液体均匀分布在口腔 Rinse mo
6、uth carefully with water or have a bite of cracker 仔细地漱口或者咬一口苏打饼干,Procedures For Tasting 尝味的程序,Solids 固体 Take small mouthfeels or pieces around the tongue to activate all taste bud areas 取小块品尝，绕舌一圈，以激活所有的味蕾 Rinse and rest between samples to avoid carry-over or fatigue 品尝不同样品间要漱口和休息一下，以避免味道残留或味觉疲劳,Hu
7、man as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器,Sensory Stimulus 感官刺激,Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器,The stimulus hits the sense organ and is converted to a nerve signal which travels to the brain; the brain then organizes and integrates the incoming sensation into perceptions with the contribution of
8、past experience; lastly a response is formulated based on the subjects perceptions 感官受到刺激，将其转化为神经信号传输到大脑；大脑根据以往的经验将感觉组织整合为知觉.；最终，基于主体的知觉而形成反应,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素,Expectation error 期望错误 Stimulus error 刺激错误 Leniency error 宽大错误 Proximity error 近似错误 Central tendency error 中
9、心化错误,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素,Suggestion effect 暗示效应 Positional bias (order effect) 位置偏见(顺序效应) Contrast effect and 对照效应和集中错误convergence error Motivation 动力,Expectation error 期望的错误 Information given with the sample may trigger preconceived ideas 样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主 Stimulus error
10、 刺激的错误 Irrelevant criteria , such as color or size influence the observer 无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观察者,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素,Leniency error 宽大的错误 Based on their feelings about the researcher, ignoring product differences 根据对研究者的感觉，而忽略了产品的差异,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响
11、感官测定的因素,Suggestion effect 暗示效应 Reactions of other members of a panel can influence the response of a panelist 品尝小组中其他成员的反应会影响测试者,Positional bias (order effect) 位置偏见(顺序效应) Score the second product ( of a set of products) higher or lower than expected 给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或偏低 Contrast effect and convergence
12、 error 对照效应和集中错误 Exaggerate the difference or mask small differences between the other samples in their scores 夸大或掩盖样品间的差异,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素,Proximity error 近似的错误 Correlation between characteristics close together maybe higher than other characteristic 相似特征间的关联比其他特征间的
13、关联可能要高一些 Central tendency error 中心化的错误 Scoring products in the midrange of a scale to avoid extremes 给产品打分偏中等，以避免极端,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素,Motivation 动力 Affects sensory perception. For e.g interested panelist is always more efficient and reliable. 动力会影响感官知觉。比如感兴趣的品尝小组成员总会更
14、有效、更可靠。,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素,Controls For Sensory Testing 对感官测试的控制,Environment Controls 环境的控制 Panelist Controls 品评小组的控制,Environment Controls 环境的控制,Panel Booth Testing Area 品评单间的测试区域 Sensory evaluation of products 产品的感官品评 Descriptive Evaluation & Training Area 描述性品评和培训的区域
15、 Meeting with panelist 和品评小组成员开会 Preparation Area & Serving Area 准备和分发的区域 Sample preparation and serving 样品的准备和分发 Office Area 办公区域 Administrative preparations of tests and their interpretation 测试的行政准备和解释,Panel Booth Testing Area 品评单间的测试区域,Individual booth 单独隔开的小间 Sliding door 移动门 Neutral wall color
16、中性的墙壁颜色 Sink and Tap 水槽和龙头 Colored lightning 有颜色的光照 Odor-free 无气味 Computer 电脑,Descriptive Evaluation & Training Area 描述性品评和培训区域,Facilities similar to booth area 设备和品评单间相似 Conference style table for 6-12 panelists 可坐 6-12 人的会议桌 Whiteboard, clock 白板，时钟 Preparation facilities for reference samples 准备参考样品的设施,Preparation & Serving Area 准备和分发区域,Well-equipped kitchen 设备良好的厨房 Odor-free & ventilated 无味且通风良好 Air-conditioned 空调 Refrigerator/frozen storage
