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1、9B Chapter 2 语法 一般过去时的基本用法 一般过去时态，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化。过去式的构成 1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.例如：staystayed helphelped visit-visited 2) 词尾是e的动词加-d. 例如：likeliked livelived 3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed. 例如：stopstopped planplanned 4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed. 例如： st
2、udystudied worryworried5) 不规则动词的过去式 例如：am/iswas arewere have-had gowent findfound dodid see-saw 表示过去时间的时间状语： yesterday（昨天）、the day before yesterday （前天）、two days ago（两天前） last year（去年）、the other day（前几天）、once upon a time（过去曾经）、 just now（刚才）、a moment ago （刚才）、this morning（今天早上）in the old day（过去的日子里）、
3、When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）过去将来时的基本用法 过去将来时的构成： 过去将来时是由should/would + 动词原形构成的。 例如：He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎.They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier. 他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。过去将来时其他表达法 was/were going to + 动词原形 was/were + 动词-ing形式 was/were
4、+ 动词不定式 was/were about to do 过去将来时的基本用法 过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。 过去将来时常用于间接引语中 例如：He said they would arrange a party. 他说他们将安排一个晚会。 I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. 我问他是否来帮我修电视机。 过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态 例如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 如果我有
5、机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。 本单元的语法项目就是用过去将来时来表示非真实的动作或状态，这是虚拟语气的一种表现形式。例如：If I went abroad, I would make many new friends. 如果我出国，我将交一些新朋友。Id feel very excited if I won a trip to another country. 如果我赢得去另一个国家的旅行，我会感到很兴奋。虚拟语气的一些用法虚拟语气的概念：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测, 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来
6、表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you have a pleasant journey! 祝你旅途愉快！ God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！ 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1） 表示与现在事实相反条件从句：一般过去时（be多用于were）主句： would/should/could/might动词原形例如：If I were you, I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你
7、，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time, I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。(本单元Language部分讲的就是这种用法)2） 与过去事实相反条件从句：过去完成时（had+过去分词)主句： would/should/could/mighthave done例如：If you had come earlier, you couldnt / wouldnt have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book
8、. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。3） 与将来事实可能相反条件从句：一般过去时（be多用were）/ should do / were to do主句： would/should/could/might动词原形例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打
9、碎的。4） if的省略如果条件句中有were, had, should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were, had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. 用wish表示对现在情况的虚拟，宾语从句的谓语如果是系动词一律用were ，如果是实义动词就用过去式。例如
10、：I wish they were at home this time. 我希望他们这个时候在家。I wish I had a large room to live in. 我希望我住一间大房子。2 用wish表示对过去事情的虚拟，宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时。例如：I wish I hadnt hurt him so much。 我希望我没有这么深地伤害他。 有时对过去进行虚拟也可在宾语从句中采用would / could have done 的结构。例如：I wish I would have seen her last night. 我希望昨天晚上能见到她。3 用wish表示对将来事情的愿
11、望，宾语从句的谓语为would+动词原形, 有时也用could/might+动词原形。例如：I wish I would be able to come tomorrow. 我希望我明天能来。 as if (though)引导的状语从句的虚拟表示对现在情况的虚拟，主句+as if+主语+动词过去式 / were表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句+as if+主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟，主句+as if+主语+ would +动词原形例如：1. She always talks to me as if she were my sister. 她与我说话时就像我的姐姐。2. He wa
12、lks slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走的很慢，似乎腿受伤了。3. They talked and talked as though they would never meet again. 他们聊啊聊，似乎再也不能见面。 If only（意思为：“如果就好了”）的虚拟结构，表示对现在情况的虚拟，If only +主语+动词过去式 / were表示对过去情况的虚拟，If only +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟，If only +主语+ would +动词原形例如：1. If only he were here! 要是他在这儿就好了！2
13、. If only I had not been ill last week! 要是上周我没生病就好了！3. If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱多好啊！基础练习（ ）1. She is my sister, but she often acts as if she_ my mother.Ais Bwas Cwere Dhad been（ ）2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. ha
14、d been broken（ ）3. If there were no exanimations, we _ a much happier time at school.A. will have B. have C. had D. would have（ ）4. If I _ rich, I would buy a car.A. am B. was C. were D. have been（ ）5. If he had time, he _ go with them.A. can B. could C. will D. may（ ）6. If I _ you, I should leave the room at once.A. are B. was C. am D. were（ ）7. _, I would not refuse this invitation.A. Were I you B. If I was you C. If I should be you D. If I had been you（ ）8. If _ my job, I would go to the party
