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1、Myers PSYCHOLOGY,Chapter 11 Intelligence,Origins of Intelligence Testing,Intelligence Test a method of assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them to those of others, using numerical scores,Origins of Intelligence Testing,Mental Age a measure of intelligence test performance devised
2、 by Binet chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8,Origins of Intelligence Testing,Stanford-Binet the widely used American revision of Binets original intelligence test revised
3、 by Terman at Stanford University,Origins of Intelligence Testing,Intelligence Quotient (IQ) defined originally the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 IQ = ma/ca x 100) on contemporary tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100,What is
4、 Intelligence?,Intelligence ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations,What is Intelligence?,Factor Analysis statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test used to identify different dimensions of perform
5、ance that underlie ones total score General Intelligence (g) factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities measured by every task on an intelligence test,Are There Multiple Intelligences?,Savant Syndrome condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability h
6、as an exceptional specific skill computation drawing,Are There Multiple Intelligences?,Social Intelligence the know-how involved in comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully Emotional Intelligence ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions,Intelligence an
7、d Creativity,Creativity the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas expertise imaginative thinking skills venturesome personality intrinsic motivation creative environment,Brain Function and Intelligence,People who can perceive the stimulus very quickly tend to score somewhat higher on intellige
8、nce tests,Assessing Intelligence,Aptitude Test a test designed to predict a persons future performance aptitude is the capacity to learn Achievement Test a test designed to assess what a person has learned,Assessing Intelligence,Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used intelligence
9、test subtests verbal performance (nonverbal),Assessing Intelligence: Sample Items from the WAIS,Assessing Intelligence,Standardization defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested “standardization group” Normal Curve the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes th
10、e distribution of many physical and psychological attributes most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes,The Normal Curve,Getting Smarter?,Assessing Intelligence,Reliability the extent to which a test yields consistent results assessed by consistency of scores
11、 on: two halves of the test alternate forms of the test retesting Validity the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to,Assessing Intelligence,Content Validity the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest driving test that samples driving tasks Criter
12、ion behavior (such as college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity,Assessing Intelligence,Predictive Validity success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict assessed by computing
13、the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior also called criterion-related validity,Assessing Intelligence,As the range of data under consideration narrows, its predictive power diminishes,The Dynamics of Intelligence,Mental Retardation a condition of limited mental ability indicat
14、ed by an intelligence score below 70 produces difficulty in adapting to the demands of life varies from mild to profound Down Syndrome retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in ones genetic makeup,The Dynamics of Intelligence,Genetic Influences,The most genetical
15、ly similar people have the most similar scores,Genetic Influences,Heritability the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes variability depends on range of populations and environments studied,Genetic Influences,Environmental Influences,The Schooling Effect,Group Diff
16、erences,Group differences and environmental impact,Group Differences,The Mental Rotation Test,Which two of the other circles contain a configuration of blocks identical to the one in the circle at the left?,Group Differences,Stereotype Threat A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype,
