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1、Private Homeowner Drinking Water Issues,Presenter Mr. Brian Oram, Professional Geologist Wilkes University GeoEnvironmental Sciences and Engineering Department Center for Environmental Quality Wilkes Barre, PA 18766 http:/www.water- (570) 408-4619,Water Treatment,disinfection,cation exchange,anion e
2、xchange,filtration,adsorption,demineralization,pH adjustment,oxidation,Match the pollutant with the correct process!,Do We Need to Treat the Water ?,Evaluate Existing Source- Construction, Location, and Water Quality Is Maintenance Needed ? Identify and Repair System Deficiencies Pollution Control M
3、easures- well cap, control drainage, and change land-us practice Treatment- POU, POE, or other,The Last Control Measure is Treatment,Evaluate Well Change Well Cap,Disinfection Shock Chlorination,May work for small numbers of coliform bacteria. Should be conducted after all well repairs, flooding, or
4、 problems with elevated bacterial counts. After shock disinfection retesting for total coliform, standard plate count, and nuisance bacteria may be need.,Iron / Nuisance Bacteria,Periodic shock well disinfections Drop tablets chlorinators Chlorine feed system Ozone treatment UV treatment may be poss
5、ible probably Class A Unit (turbidity, hardness, iron, manganese issues),Whole House Treatment,Point of Entry (POE),continuous chlorination,Issues: Chlorine Demand Bacterial Levels Other Water Quality problems like: iron, sulfur, and odors Alkalinity and pH of water may need adjustment,U-V Tube,U-V
6、Sterilizer,The Selection of UV Unit system depends on the following: General Water Quality Turbidity Hardness Iron and Manganese Bacterial Levels Source Water Type and Overall Water Quality ?,Http:/www.nsf.org,Ozone,Schematic of Softener,Water Softener Do Not Remove All the Water Hardness !,RESIN (S
7、odium Or Potassium),Raw Water,(Sodium or Potassium),Calcium & Magnesium And other Multivalent cations,Treated Water,Ion Exchange: Sodium for Calcium & Magnesium,Recharge with Brine,RESIN (Calcium & Magnesium),Waste Water,(Sodium or Potassium),Calcium & Magnesium and other multivalent cations,Brine,C
8、arbon Filtration,Uses Remove man-made organic chemicals Remove miscellaneous tastes and odor from water assuming no bacterial problems Remove radon gas from water Maintenance Carbon must be replaced routinely,Acid (Corrosive Water) Control,Iron Removal,Form and concentration is important Oxidized =
9、visible, orange stain Reduced = colorless Removal Methods Water Softener no bacterial problem Chlorination / Filtration Oxidizing Filter no bacterial problem Ozone,Hydrogen Sulfide,Hot water only? Adjust water heater to a temperature of 160F for 12 to 24 hours and then flush remove or replace rod in
10、 heater (Warranty Issues) Carbon Filtration- no bacterial problem Chlorination/ Contact Tank / Filtration Aeration- no bacterial problem Oxidizing filter- manganese greensand no bacterial problem,At the Sink,Point of Use (POU),Reverse Osmosis,force water through membrane removes many contaminants,Di
11、stillation,heat water to boiling condense vapor ions left behind energy intensive,Typically these are small carbon-block filters that will remove particles, reduce odors and taste problems, and have a limited exchange capacity for hardness and trace metals.,Units are rated for Water that meets Drink
12、ing Water Standards Not for Water with Levels above the Drinking Water Standard,Before You Buy Treatment Equipment Get the Facts- Not the Sales Pitch,Have your water tested by a reputable accredited, approved, and/or certified lab Dont rely on in-home water test results. Dont rely on free water test
13、s. Consult unbiased water quality experts and get multiple quotes for a system. Explore All Alternatives Well Rehabilitation, New source, Local Pollution Control, Maintenance,Tips for Buying Treatment Equipment,Seek reputable companies that have been around Ask for customer references Research compa
14、ny history Beware of hard sale techniques (scare tactics) Ask about maintenance requirements Get a detailed warranty Look for NSF and WQA certifications EPA certification means nothing Get everything in writing! If it sounds too good - it is!,Sample No. 1,gpg = grains per gallon (1 gpg = 17.1 mg/L),
15、 * = Recommended standard (RMCL),Recommendation ?,Shock chlorination and retesting, possible continuous disinfection,Sample No. 2,gpg = grains per gallon (1 gpg = 17.1 mg/L),* = Recommended standard (RMCL),Recommendation ?,Short-Term: Shock Treatment and Retesting Long-Term: Possibly Chlorination or
16、 UV light or Ozone,Sample No. 3,gpg = grains per gallon (1 gpg = 17.1 mg/L),* = Recommended standard (RMCL),Recommendation ?,Oxidizing filter or Ozone,Sample No. 4,gpg = grains per gallon (1 gpg = 17.1 mg/L),* = Recommended standard (RMCL),Recommendation ?,Water softener,Sample No. 5,gpg = grains per gallon (1 gpg = 17.1 mg/L),* = Recommended standard (RMCL),Recommendation ?,Acid Neutraliz
