《高中英语知识结构及基本句型》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语知识结构及基本句型（19页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、教学设计方案 教师姓名 学生姓名所在学校广益中学学管老师辅导学科英语学生年级教材版本译林版课题名称知识结构及基本句型课时计划填写时间上课时间教学重点英语知识架构说明；句子成分与基本句型教学难点形成整体知识架构；句子成分理解；基本句型运用进入高三阶段，对于单词/搭配/句型，要学会“横向对比”与“纵向分析”横向：近义词以及形近词的区分，同义转换纵向：同一个词根的不同形式的“派生词” 词的搭配，尤其是动词后面的 副词及介词 搭配 常用词的 活用 或者特殊用法第二部分：句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾
2、语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。英汉句子成分的区别比较：主谓宾： 汉语：顺序和英语基本一样 英语：顺序和汉语基本一样，但英语中的谓语有“时态”和“人称”以及“语态”变化，由动词的变化来体现。定语：修饰名词的成分汉语：一定在名词前英语：“一个个放前面，一串串放后面”His rapid progress in English surprised all of us.a sleeping baby; a baby sleeping in the bedroom后置定语The house being built will be our new teaching building.状语：修饰动词、形容词
3、、副词、各种短语 汉语：动前为状动后补 : 他飞快地朝我跑了过来。 英语：状语一般放句末（地点+方式+时间），偶尔放句首（时间居多），放句中动词附近很特殊 He comes to the school on foot every day.补语： 汉语：动词后，补充说明动作（结果/影响等） 英语：一般是“宾补”，补充说明宾语，一定放宾语的后面 I saw him come into the classroom.表语： 汉语：无此说法，更多时候理解为宾语 英语：放在be( am/is/are，seem, appear；look/sound/taste; grow/turn/go/come) 等“系
4、动词”后，表明主语的特点/身份等。 go unpunished 很多时候汉语中表明主语情况的内容和主语之间没有动词，而英语中的句子一定要有谓语，而谓语一定是动词。This picture is very beautiful. He is 17 years old. _ good, the food was sold out. _ good, you should put more salt.A. To taste B. Tasting C. Tasted D. Having tasted同位语： 汉语：无此说法，一般理解为“同义指代”： 雷锋是一个。的人，一个。的人，一个。的人。 英语：用逗号
5、隔开(代词例外，如each)，放在一个名词后的名词（或代词），补充说明该名词的身份或特点。 Beijing, the capital of China , is a beautiful city. My best friend, Tom, came to see me yesterday. We each have a dictionary. Each of us has a dictionary. He is a kind but strict father, one who the children respect but are afraid of. The news that he t
6、old me surprised me.The news that we lost the game surprised me.名词性从句：“三个来源充当四种成分”1. 陈述句： that2. 一般疑问句、选择疑问句：whether, if(宾从)3. 特殊疑问句：疑问词（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has be
7、come more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been de
8、cided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）prefer + to do + (rather) than doprefer + doing + to doing; prefer A to B“意群”（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You
9、 may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.动词形式： do, did, done, doing, does , to do 动词原形， 过去式， 过去分词， 现在分词/动名词， 三单， 不定式 非谓语动词可以和“助动词”结合，构成谓语，但不能单独作谓语 be + done be + doing be +to do have/has/had + done（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, lo
10、ok, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The
11、 machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have?
12、 I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monit
13、or.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： I saw him come in. He was seen to come in.能够加“动词原形”做“宾补”的动词有： 五看三使两听一感觉（我看三室两厅一感觉）5看：look at, see, watch, notice注意到, observe（仔细）观察 see + sb + do 看见某人做了某事（全过程） sb + be seen + to
14、 do see + sb + doing看见某人正在。（过程之中）see + sb + done 看见某人被。The lost boy was last seen _ by the river. A. to play B. play C. playing D. played3使役动词：let, have, make have/make + sb + do; sb + be made + to do have/make + sb + doing 使/让一直做/不断的做。 have/make + sb + done 使/让被。 常见考查形式：make oneself + understood/heard have + sth+ done (1)找人（帮主语）做某事
