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1、句子结构专练讲义(教师版)英语简单句、并列句、复合句只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。I am a student.我是一个学生。She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。掌握句子成分,把握句子脉络,有助于理解句子意思. 见到英语句子应当首先抓住句子的主要成分,即:主语部分和谓语部分.先搞清句子所要陈述的对象(谁 或什么),干 ( 做) 什么,然后在去找修饰成分或说明成分. 句子所要陈述的对象(谁或什么) 是主语;干 ( 做) 是
2、 谓语;谓语的承受者是宾语.修饰主语和宾语的成分是定语;修饰谓语、形容词或副词的成分是状语;系动词之后的成分是表语.例如:The Chinese workers are building a tall building near the school . 定语 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 状语These delicious food tastes good .定语 定语 主语 谓语 表语第一节 主语主语是句子所要陈述的对象.它是一句话的头,它回答谁 什么的问题.作主语的主要是名词和代词 ,其次还有数词, 动名词,不定式, 从句等. 主语一般情况下放在句首,只有在疑问句或倒装句中后移.I 1). Y
3、ou are wanted on the phone . 2) Mary is the cleverest of the tree . 3)-What makes you so upset. - Losing the wallet. 4) Its no use crying over spilt milk . 5) To see is to believe . 6) Whether he comes or not doesnt matter. 7) Its important for you to finish this task . 8)The wounded are now out of
4、danger . 5)II.用正确的词性填空1. Fighting _ ( fight ) broke out between the South and the North .2. To complete _ ( complete ) the building in two months will be a great achievement .3. Success _ ( succeed ) or _ failure _ ( fail ) depends on the support of the masses.4.What has _ happened _ ( happen ) prov
5、es that our policy is right . 5._ It _ ( its) happened that I wasnt there that day . 第二节 谓 语谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有三种不同的形式: 1) 动词 They planted many trees on the hill . 2) 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at home . 3) 系动词+ 表语 The report is very interest
6、ing .掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:1) 人称和数的变化 如: I work in a foreign country . He works in a foreign country . 2) 时态变化 如: I usually get up at six . ( 一般现在时) I am getting up now (现在进行时) I got up at five yesterday .( 一般过去时) I will get up at seven tomorrow . ( 一般将来时)I was getting up when he came in . ( 过去进行)I had got
7、up when he came to my house . (过去完成) I told my mother that I would get up . (过去将来时)3) 语态变化 The children carried school bags (主动) School bags were carried by the children . (被动)4) 语气变化 如: I was very busy ,so I didnt go to see him . ( 真实语气) I would have gone to see him if I had not been very busy . (
8、虚拟语气)练习题I . 指出下列句中谓语并注意变化形式1. The earth moves round the sun . 2. The factory has already gone into production .3. We must get rid of bad habits. 4.Another kind of pollution is noise . 5. Your sentence doesnt sound right . 6. The leaves have turned yellow.7. The weather continued fine for several day
9、s .II. 填入动词的适当形式1.Fifty miles _ is _ ( be ) not a great distance . 2. He _ has been married _ ( marry ) for three years . 3. So fast _ does _ light _ travel _ ( travel ) that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed . 4. A lot of trees _ must be planted _ ( must , plant ) on the hills . 5. What _
10、.is _ the boy doing _ ( do ) in the room ? 6. The woman did _ stay _ ( stay ) at home last Sunday . III. 完成下列各句1. I remember _ going there before _ ( 去过那里)2.Please remember _ to lock the door _ ( 锁上门)when you leave the room . 3.I like _ singing pop songs _( 唱流行歌曲)4. I like _ to sing an English song
11、_ ( 唱一首英文歌曲) this time . 5. The computer cant helps us _(to) solve every problem _(解决所有 的问题)6. The girl couldnt help _ crying _ ( 哭) when she heard the news .IV. 把下列句中的直接宾语提前1.Ill buy you a new shirt . 1. Ill buy a new shirt for you . 2. Show me your passport . 2. Show you passport to me .3.Do bring
12、 me your textbook. 3. Do bring your textbook to me . 4. Pour me a cup of tea. 4. Pour a cup of tea for me .5. He paid the workers the money . 5. He paid the money to the workers .第三节 宾 语宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,只有及物动词才会有宾语.宾语一般放在谓语动词之后.放在动词后的宾语叫做动词宾语,而放在介词之后的宾语叫做介词宾语.作主语成分的词也可做宾语成分,如: 名词,代词, 数词, 动名词,不定式等.有
13、一部分动词能跟双宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾语)人称代词做间接宾语;表示物的名词做直接宾语.能跟双宾语的动词有: give , pass , choose , teach , buy ,show , send , bring , cook 一般 情况是间接宾语在前直接宾语在后, 有时,需要直接宾语提前,这时需要在间接宾语之前加上to 或 for ;加to 加 for 由动词决定,动词有方向含义的用to, 其余的 用 for 如 : give the book to me 把书给我 pass the knife to her 把刀递给她 buy a nice book for me 给我买本书同源宾
14、语是指一部分动词后跟上一个与它意义相同的宾语,如: live , die , sleep , smile dream , fight, laugh 例句: We are now living a happy life . 复合宾语是指动词后的宾语带上自己的一个补足语 .宾语与补足语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系.能跟复合宾语的动词有: call , make , let , ask , tell ,see , hear 例句: We call him Tom . 我们管他叫汤姆. . ( him ) is Tom I saw him go into the classroom . 我看到他进了教室. . him go into the classroom 练习题I.指出下列句中宾语并注意它们的形式1.Crusoe
