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1、动词的时态和语态各种时态构成表：（以 do 为例）一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/doesis/am/are doinghas/have donehas/have been doing过去didwas /were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall/will doshall/will be doingshall/will have doneshall/will have been doing过去将来would dowould be doingwould have donewould have been doing一、一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称
2、单数1构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（1）直接加“s”：workworks，taketakes（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carrycarries（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：gogoes，dressdresses，watchwatches，finishfinishes 2功能：（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如：I have a dream.She loves music.Marys parents get up very early.（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与 often，sometimes，usually，
3、always，every week，occasionally，frequently，seldom等时间副词连用。例如：3I always take a walk after supper.She writes to me very often.She is an English teacher.（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.Two and two makes four. No man but errs.（4）表示将来发生的动作：A
4、在由 when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如： Ill tell her when she comes tomorrow. Even if it rains this afternoon, Ill meet you.Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. Ill be right her
5、e waiting for you wherever you go.B按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如：The play begins at 6:30 this evening.When does the plane take off?He leaves for that city next week.According to the timetable, the train starts at 9 oclock.二一般过去时：动词的过去式1表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如：We visited the school last spring.
6、I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.China was founded in 1949.2在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如：She told me she wouldt go with us if it rained the next day.They would not leave until she came back.His girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house.三一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原
7、形1表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will graduate from the college next year.We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.2将来时的其它结构。 例如：I .is/am/are going to do sth.（美国口语中常读作 be gonna）Im going to buy a new car this fall.He is going to sell his house.注意：be going to 与 will 的对比：下列情况须用 willI will be sixteen year
8、s old next year.It will be the 20th of August tomorrow.When he comes, I will give him your message.II. is/am/are + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。例如：Am I to take over his work?We are to meet at the gate.III.is/am/are about to do sth. 即将做某事。例如：The talk is about to begin.四一般过去将来时：would + 动词原形1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情
9、况，通常用于宾语从句中。例如：He said that they would meet me at the station.She told me that she would come to see me.2.表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用 would）。例如：Whenever he had time,Tom would go to see his grandma.The old couple would go for a walk after supper.注意句型：was/were about to do sth. when正要做某事,这时=was/were on the poin
10、t of doing sth. when（when 引导的从句要用一般过去时）例如：He was about to go out when the telephone rang.I was about to go shopping when it rained.She was on the point of having supper when the light went off.五现在进行时：is / am / are +现在分词1表示现在正在进行的动作。例如：The water is boiling. Shall I make tea?The workers are building a
11、 new bridge across the river.2表现阶段正进行的动作。例如：He is taking physics this semester.We are preparing for our final examination this week.Dont you think you eat too much? Youre putting on weight.3go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。例如： Look! The bus is comin
12、g.The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying.Alice is leaving for Shanghai with her mother.4与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。例如：He is always thinking of others.The boy is continually making noises.The teacher is constantly criticizing her for being late.六过去进行时：wa
13、s /were +现在分词1表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。 例如：I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.When I arrived, they were watching TV.They were doing housework this time last week.2用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。例如：She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping.I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving t
14、oo fast.3过去某时将发生的事。例如：They told me that they were leaving for New York.He was going out when I arrived.七将来进行时：shall / will be + 现在分词1表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。例如：What will you be doing this time tomorrow?I will be having dinner this time tomorrow.2用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌。例如：Will you be having supper with
15、us this evening?Will you be coming to see us tomorrow?3将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。例如：She will be arriving at Shanghai tomorrow morning.The car will be going at the speed of 100 miles an hour.八现在完成时：have / has +过去分词1表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与 yet，just，before，recently，lately，ever，never等表时间的副词搭配使用。例如：He hasnt seen her lately.I havent finished the book yet.2
