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1、翻译讲义I. 考试要求1. 大纲要求 第五部分 翻译本部分包括英译汉和汉译英两节，共20分，每节10分。考试时间为30分钟。要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。A节为英译汉。本节设三种题型，每次考试设其中的一种题型。题型一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为80100个英文单词。题型二：要求考生翻译一个段落，段落长度为80100个英文单词。题型三：在一个较长的段落中，有5个带有下划线的句子，要求考生翻译这5个句子。5个句子的总长度为80100个英文单词。B节为汉译英。本节设两种题型，每次考试设其中的一种题型。题型一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为100120个汉字。题型二：要求考生翻译一个段落，段落长度为
2、100120个汉字。2. 材料特点英译汉汉译英10环境：生态系统119；5社会：全球化对中国的影响110；209健康：三手烟97；4教育：亲子教育113；508科技：网络94；5经济：能源危机98；207心理学：测量99；5社会：能源危机118；206环境：野生动物97；5社会：中国水资源111；205科技：电子通讯98；5社会：中国老龄化127；204文化：艺术作用86；4文化：中国艺术131；403-经济、社会：奥运会127；302-经济：中国经济特点120；4II. 英译汉 1. 步骤： 1) 找断点：介词、连词、标点符号五大逻辑关系：转折：conj. Although though w
3、hile even if, even though S V, S V.Prep. In spite of. Despite. Instead of.Adv. however, nevertheless, but因果：原因状语 conj because since as in that now thatI was late because there was a traffic jamPrep because of. Own to. Due to.结果。so that so + adj. / adv. that.The traffic was so heavy that I was late目的
4、 so that in order that So as to do. In order to do条件 if provided that S V. supposing that Given that .unless = if notprep. Givenbut for but that 要不是并列和递进And A B and C adj. adj. and adj.V1 V2 and V3 S V, SV and S V.总分： such n. as A B and C n. such as A B and C e.g.: such energy as sun, wind and tide.
5、First second 从句的连词定语从句 That which whose who whom asWhere when why 名词从句What how； how many how much if whether. 是否 2) 找主谓 S VTips: 1 be am is are was were 2. 情态V + do. 3. have has had + done 4. do does did. 3) 逻辑关系 4) 组织语言e.g. 1. I | let bird , you | see, this morning, and he |s disappeared. 我让鸟出来他的笼子
6、，你知道，今天早上，并且他不见了是这样的，我今天早上把小鸟放出笼子，他不见了 Let sth./sb. _e.g. 2. Although the object (of the annual performance review) | is to improve performance, it often | has the opposite result. 尽管 目标 年度行为表现评估 年度绩效评估 为了 提高 行为表现，它 经常 有相反的 结果尽管年度绩效评估的目标 是 为了 改善 工作表现，但是它 经常 适得其反_e.g. 3. It | is a very common belief
7、that the problems (of the population explosion) | are caused mainly by poor people (living in poor countries) (who | do not know enough to limit their reproduction).It | is a very common belief that S V人们 | 【普遍】认为People commonly believe thatTips: n n 表功能MBA master of business administrationAdj. n. D
8、oing + n. A swimming boy 现在分词 表状态A swimming pool 动名词 表功能n. (doing.) (who.) 定语的翻译拆译法 Do you know the lady (who lives in the next door)?住在隔壁的女士你认识那位女士吗， 她就住在隔壁人们 | 【普遍】认为人口爆炸的问题主要是由生活在贫困国家的贫困人口造成的，他们对限制生育了解不足。随着经济的发展，我国的能源危机 | 越来越突出，这与我国现在所处的发展阶段有关S V, which _e.g. 4: With much of the country given ove
9、r to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers, planners | have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them | irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.With + 逻辑S + 。 独立主格结构e.g.: When he had lunch, Jack sneezed.Doing. ed.
10、分词做状语When he had lunch, Jack sneezed. Having lunch, J sneezed. _ (see) from the hill, people look like ants. seenRose having lunch, J sneezed. 独立主格结构1. 独立的逻辑主语2. 不是句子3. 做状语With Rose having lunch, J sneezed. a. with 逻辑S + doing.With Rose having lunch, J sneezed. b. 逻辑S + ed，S V.e.g.: the task complet
11、ed, we had tried our best.c. 逻辑S + to do., S Ve.g.: the question to be discussed tomorrow, I have to prepare it.d. 逻辑S + adj. , S V.e.g.: Mon being ill, I have to take care of her.e. 逻辑S + adv, S V.e.g.: time up, let go. Game overf. 逻辑S + prep., S V.e.g.: Sword in hand, I am afraid of nothing.词义选择 2
12、. 基本知识1) 词汇2) 句型3) 逻辑关系转折: but, although, though, whereas, while, whether. or.despite, in spite of, instead of, however, nevertheless, fortunately, unfortunately.因果: because, since, as, in that, now that, since, owing to, due to, because of, for some reasons of.therefore, thus, for, so that.因，so tha
13、t 果果，because 因条件: if, unless, provided, supposed, but that, given that but for . 并列or递进: and, and then, an soas well as, besides.as well, even, furthermore, whats mor总分: such.as, first, second, third. last. in short, above all._III. 汉译英1. 步骤1) 断句2) 句型五大基本句型：S V P V 系动词V系动词 ： 1. be am is are was were2. 保持 keep remain hold. Keep silent keep silence 3. 改变：become get turn e.g.: I got old. 4. 好像 seem appear to do that S V e.g.: he appeared to have caught a cold5. 感动 look see observe watch hear listen sound feel touch smell taste finde.g.: it sounds great S Vi The thing | happened to sb
