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1、大学英语B级辅导词汇与结构 1重要语法项目：主谓一致；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；人称代词；情态动词；冠词和介词；不定式，动名词搭配；固定句型；词义辨析；时态和被动语态；定语从句；倒装；虚拟语气（划线部分为考试频率较高项目）一、主谓一致主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，
2、谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.典型例题 The League（共青团）secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职
3、务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 二、主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个
4、时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 三、谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to g
5、o boating. 真题操练：1. Both China and Japan _ located in the east of Asia. A. are B. beC. isD. was2.Neither Bill nor his parents _ at home.A. is B. has C. are D. was3. Both the kids and their parents _ English, I think. I know it from their accent. A：isB：beenC：areD：was4. A pair of spectacles _ what I ne
6、ed at the moment.A：isB：areC：hasD：have5. I will count three hundred and not one of you _move a muscle.A：is toB：are toC：isD：are6. Mathematics _ study or science of numbers.A：isB：areC：wasD：were7. - Do you want to wait?- Five days _ too long for me to wait.A：wasB：wereC：isD：are8. Two thousand dollars _ e
7、nough for the car. A：beingB：wereC：areD：is9. The young _ eaten up almost everything on the table.A：isB：areC：hasD：have10. Modern machinery _ been installed in this newly-built factory. A. hasB. haveC. isD. are参考答案:1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.A 二、人称代词和冠词人称代词的用法人称代词主格Iyouhesheit weyouthey宾格me
8、youhimherit usyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisher itsouryour their名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1. 形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词。例如：my book, his pen, her mother, our teacher 名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。例如：Mine is here. I want hers. This
9、 is yours.2. 注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。 如： These books arent ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books) This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)3.of+名词性物主代词表示所属如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹a friend of mine 我的一个朋友4. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.5.关于反
10、身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独、独自)help oneself to (随便吃/喝些.)learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something new6. 不定代词: something, anything, nothing.例如：Theres _ in todays newspaper. A.important anything B.important something C
11、.anything important D.something important7. 另外，代词some, every, all, both, either, another1).some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat?2).every单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。 each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。如： Each student was as
12、ked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games.3).all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）4). both “（两者）都” ,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 ei
13、ther “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。 neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。如:They both swim well. Both of them swim well.There are trees on both sides of the street.= There are trees on either side of the street.Neither of us is going to Beijing next week. Neither answer is right.5). another +单数名
14、词, “另一个” one the other “一个，另一个” the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人”8. 疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which 这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.例如：Im going to take the skirt on the right.（划线部分提问）_ _ are you going to take?冠词的用法1. 冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前， 如：an h
