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1、Definition of Logistics物流的定义There are many different definitions for logistics in different countries and periods, and they have always changed with the development of society. Some definitions are typical.The Council of Logistics Management defined the logistics in 1992 as the process of planning,
2、implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.有物流在不同国家和时期的许多不同的定义，他们总是改变了社会的发展。一些定义是典型的。物流管理理事会确定的物流于1992年，规划的过程中，实施和控制从起点的快速，高效流动
3、和储存的货物，服务和相关信息消费点，以满足客户的目的要求。And the definition from the MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics is that logistics involves “managing the flow of items, information, cash and ideas through the coordination of supply chain processes and through the strategic addition of place, period and pattern va
4、lues.”In practice, the terms “logistics” and “supply chain management” are now used interchangeably. Actually logistics and the Supply Chain are equivalent terms, so the Institute of Logistics (1998) gave the following definitions:并从麻省理工学院为中心的运输与物流的定义是，物流涉及到“项目管理，信息，资金和想法，通过供应链流程的协调，并通过战略性补充的地方，周期和模
5、式值的流。”在实践中，术语“物流”和“供应链管理”正在互换使用。实际上物流和供应链是等价的条件，所以物流研究所（1998）给出了如下定义：Logistics is the time related positioning of resource or the strategic management of the total supply chain. The supply chain is a sequence of events intended to satisfy a customer. It can include procurement, manufacture, distribu
6、tion, and waste disposal, together with associated transport, storage and information technology1.”In some developed countries, the productivity had risen and the total quantities of products became saturation in the early 1990s, also there were many products which can not be distributed because of
7、the competition. It was difficult to develop the technique as well. People had to find a new way to solve the problems. They intend to expand the market and reduce the cost through the improvement of distribution. It was the initial concept of logistics.物流是资源的时间与定位或整个供应链的战略管理。供应链是旨在满足顾客的事件序列。它可以包括采购
8、，制造，分销，以及废物处理，以及相关的运输，仓储和信息技术1“。在一些发达国家，生产力已经上升，总批量的产品成为饱和度在90年代初，也有因竞争而无法散发许多产品。这是难以发展的技术也是如此。人们必须找到一种新的方式来解决问题。他们打算扩大市场，并通过分布的改善降低了成本。这是物流的初步概念The earliest concept of logistics came from Arch W. Shaws Some Problems in Market Distribution (1915). They called it “Physical Distribution” (PD) at that
9、time. The definition focused mainly on the distribution.In the late 1980s people have already had a general and deep comprehension about logistics. PD as a definition could not characterize the whole frame of logistics. The logistics included not only the physical distribution but also production lo
10、gistics, returned logistics, material reuse and the contents like that. Logistics as a suitable definition occurred instead of PD.物流的概念最早来自于拱W. Shaw的若干问题的市场分布（1915）。他们在那个时候把它称为“物流配送”（PD）。的定义中，主要集中在分布。在80年代后期的人已经有大约物流广泛而深入的理解。帕金森病作为一种定义物流的整体框架不能表征。物流不仅包括物流，还生产物流，回收物流，材料再利用和喜欢的内容。物流作为一个合适的定义时发生的，而不是帕金
11、森病。Logistics Engineering means the management process of choosing the best scheme under the guidance of theories about system engineering and planning, managing, controlling the system with lowest cost, high efficiency and good customer service for the purpose of improving economy profits of the soc
12、iety and enterprises2. In this definition we also integrate the logistics and the flow of information as a system and regard the process of producing, distribution, and consumption as a whole activity.物流工程是指有关系统设计和规划，管理，控制系统，成本最低，效率高，良好的客户服务，为提高社会和企业2的经济利润为目的的理论的指导下选择最佳方案的管理过程。在这个定义中，我们还整合了物流和信息作为一个
13、系统流和把生产，配送的过程中，和消费的整体活性Contents and Characteristics内容及特点The object of Logistics engineering is to solve the problems in logistics system: the first task is to make system plan and design with the theory of facility design; and the second one is to manage and control logistics system so as to reduce
14、the cost and improve the efficiency.物流工程的目的是解决在物流系统中的问题：第一个任务是使系统的规划和设计，设施设计的理论，而第二个是管理和控制物流系统，以降低成本，提高效率。Facility Design设施设计Facility design has been often used in industry department such as factory including layout design, the system design of materials handling, building design, information syste
15、m design and etc.设施的设计已在行业主管部门，如被经常使用，包括工厂布局设计，材料处理系统的设计，建筑设计，信息系统设计等Logistics Management物流管理Logistics System Design物流系统设计 In external logistics system, the design implies the decisions about spots of the networks for materials distribution. But in internal logistics system, the main target is to im
16、prove the economy profits of the production system. 在外部物流系统，设计意味着对网络的物流配送点的决定。但在内部物流系统，主要目标是提高生产系统的经济利润。Functions of Logistics Systems物流系统的功能1. Members in logistics system should collaborate with the active partners and integrate the serial activities of supply chain to improve the management and strengthen the integrated service capability.2. It is helpful for building the rapid response system. The time to prepare and the cost w
