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1、主语 主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么，主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。 一. 名词作主语 David arrived last night. 大卫昨晚到达。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。 二. 代词作主语 Who is speaking, please? （在电话中）请问您是谁？ Thats OK. 这没问题。 三. 数词作主语 Two will be enough. 两个就够了。 Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分之二的工人是女工。 四. ing形式作主语 Skating is good exe
2、rcise. 溜冰是很好的运动。 Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. 从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。 五. 不定式作主语 To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. 把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。 六. 名词化的形容词作主语 The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country. 在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。 The unemployed usu
3、ally lead a hard life. 失业的人生活一般很困难。 七. 短语作主语 How to do well is an important question. 如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起身体好。 八. 从句作主语 What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。 Whether well go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。 谓语 谓语说明主
4、语的动作或状态。谓语动词一般在主语之后。 Some children asked for cold drinks. 有些孩子要喝冷饮。 I shall go to see him tomorrow. 明天我要去看他。 I must ask her to teach me to swim. 我一定得请她教我游泳。 非谓语动词十大实用解题原则 非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十二条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关
5、的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。 原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词 例1. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told 例2_ many times, he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He ha
6、d been told D. Though he had told 解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。 原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式 例3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. L
7、osing 解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。 例4. _, I really believe that Id prefer not to make any change now. A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities 解析：把。考虑进来结构为take sth
8、into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前 例5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发
9、邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。 例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all. A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found 解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A。 原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表
10、示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed 例7. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture Aproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced 解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，所以答案为C。 例8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown
11、 down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为B。 原则五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语 例9. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught 解析：本题led to
12、中的to是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为D。 例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。 原则六、
13、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以 例11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch 解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。 例12 _twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined 解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。
