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1、 Cologne CathedralFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Find out more about navigating Wikipedia and finding information Jump to: navigation, searchCologne Cathedral* UNESCO World Heritage Site - State Party Germany Type Cultural Criteria i, ii, iv Reference 292 Region Europe and North America Inscr
2、iption history Inscription 1996 (20th Session) Endangered 2004-2006 * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. Region as classified by UNESCO. The Cologne Cathedral (German: Klner Dom, officially Hohe Domkirche St. Peter und Maria) is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne, under the administration
3、of the Roman Catholic Church and is renowned as a monument of Christianity, of Gothic architecture and of the faith and perseverance of the people of the city in which it stands. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and the Blessed Virgin Mary.The cathedral is a World Heritage Site, being one of the best-
4、known architectural monuments in Germany, and Colognes most famous landmark, described by UNESCO as an exceptional work of human creative genius.1 Cologne Cathedral is one of the worlds largest churches, being the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe. For four years, 1880-84, it was the tallest
5、structure in the world, until the completion of the Washington Monument followed by the Eiffel Tower. It has the second-tallest church spires, only surpassed by the single spire of Ulm Cathedral, completed ten years later in 1890. Because of its enormous twin spires, it also presents the largest faa
6、de of any church in the world.The choir of Cologne Cathedral, measured between the piers, also holds the distinction of having the largest height to width ratio of any Medieval church, 3.6:1, exceeding even Beauvais Cathedral which has a slightly higher vault. 2Construction of the Gothic church bega
7、n in 1248 and took, with interruptions, until 1880 to complete a period of over six hundred years. It is 144.5 metres long, 86.5 m wide and its two towers are 157 m tall. 3Cologne Cathedral, despite having been left incomplete during the medieval period, eventually became unified as a masterpiece of
8、 exceptional intrinsic value and a powerful testimony to the strength and persistence of Christian belief in medieval and modern Europe,1 as was befitting a worship-place of the Holy Roman Emperor and the traditional shrine of the Three Kings.History The Altarpiece of the Three Kings by Stephan Loch
9、ner.edit Ancient siteWhen the present Cologne Cathedral was commenced in 1248, the site had been occupied by several previous structures, the earliest of which may have been a grain store, perhaps succeeded by a Roman temple built by Mercurius Augustus. From the 4th century the site was occupied by
10、Christian buildings including a square edifice known as the oldest cathedral and commissioned by Maternus, the first Christian bishop of Cologne. A second church, the so-called Old Cathedral, was completed in 818. This burned down on April 30, 1248. The massive facade was left incomplete for 400 yea
11、rs.edit Medieval beginningIn 1164, the Archbishop of Cologne, Rainald of Dassel had acquired relics of the Three Kings which had been taken from Milan in Italy by the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa. The relics had great religious significance and could be counted upon to draw pilgrims from
12、 all over Christendom. It was important that they were properly housed. The loss of the old five-aisled cathedral prompted a building program in the new style of Gothic architecture based in particular on the French Cathedral of Amiens.The foundation stone was laid on August 15, 1248, by Archbishop
13、Konrad von Hochstaden. The eastern arm was completed under the direction of Master Gerhard, was consecrated in 1322 and sealed off by a temporary wall so it could be in use as the work proceeded.In the mid 14th century work on the west front commenced under Master Michael. This work halted in 1473 l
14、eaving the south tower complete up to the belfry level and crowned with a huge crane which was destined to remain in place, and the landmark of Cologne for 400 years.4Some work proceeded intermittently on the structure of the nave between the west front and the eastern arm but during the 16th centur
15、y, this ceased. 5 The Cathedral in 1856 showing the unfinished South Tower with its ancient crane, the Gothic eastern end and south transept.edit 19th century completionWith the nineteenth century romantic enthusiasm for the Middle Ages and spurred on by the lucky discovery of the original plan for
16、the facade, it was decided, with the commitment of the Prussian Court, to complete the cathedral. It was achieved by civic effort, the Central-Dombauverein, founded in 1842, raised two thirds of the enormous costs (over US$ 1 billion in todays money), while the Prussian state supplied the remaining third.Work resumed in 1842 to
