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1、名词性从句(Noun Clauses)定义:包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一.主语、表语、宾语、同位语中:从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后【考点1】除(what is the matter? / what is wrong?)在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序二.主语从句:主语从句就是在复合句中作主语的名词性从句,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语【考点2】it作形式主语用法用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:a.it is +形容词 / 名词+that主语从句 (sh
2、ould) +do1)表示动作重要性的形容词和名词,其后的that 从句用(should)+动词原形It is important / necessary/ essential/ thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed,desired, etc.) that.2)表示对已知的或已提到的事作出判断和反应的形容词和名词,其后从句用(should)+动原It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. It is strange/astonishing /natural that b. It + be + -ed 分
3、词+ that-从句It is believed/known to all /has been decided that人们相信/众所周知/已决定c. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears/happens/seems that 似乎/碰巧/我突然想起【考点2补充】:形式宾语的用法b.it 作形式宾语1)make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to do2)it 用于指代后面从句所叙述的内容时,常用于这些动词后:like/dislike/love/hate /appreciate, it 后常直接跟i
4、f 或when从句3) depend on it that对不疑;指望4) See (to it ) that务必留意三宾语从句【考点3】that的省略由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), :由连词and连接的两个(或以上)由that引导的宾从中,只有第一个that 可省略.:that放在句首一般不省略。 it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可作形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾。主+谓+ it +宾补+that从句(真宾) 的句型 (这时that也不省略) 作介词的宾语 :That 引导的宾语从句一般不能作介词的宾语Except in(表示在某一方面时)、but 、bes
5、ide 这几个词除外(此时that一般不省略,口语的时候可省。)例:Hardly a day goes by but that I think of her.It never rains but (that) it pours. 作sure, certain, glad等表示情感的形容词的宾语时,(that不省)四表语从句表语从句放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语系动词表语从句”.接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等1.固定句型The reason (why)is that This / it /that/ is because 等句型【考点3】whether和i
6、f的用法区别1)Whether 可以加任意从句,可以跟不定式,可以跟介词。If 只跟宾语从句,不能跟不定式,不能跟介词,只能跟肯定句。(即:只在引导宾语从句中两者可互换)2)if后面一般只跟否定陈述,肯定陈述和选择陈述(即 or not句型)用whethe3)discuss 后面一般不跟if,跟whether. 四同位语从句【考点4】同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion
7、, plan, suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容.(that在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。)定语从句:对先行词起修饰限制作用(修饰限定;that在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。)【注意】:在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. 五:引导名词性从句的连接词 连接词:that(不充当成分) 连接代词:whether,if,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.(充当主语,宾语,表语等) 连接副词:when, where, how, why(在从句中充当状语)【考点5】:连接词:A.what,w
8、hatever,who,whoeverWhoever,whatever等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,而who ,what等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。【注意】:Whatever = anything that whoever = anyone whoB.wh-ever 与no matter wh-wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句 又可引导让步状语从句no matter wh- 只引导让步状丛句(既定条件下已经产生的句子)例如:Whatever you did, I will accept.为让步状语从句. I will except whatever you did.为宾语从句.【考
9、点6】虚拟语气问题 1.在order,suggest(建议),demand,request,advise,insist(坚持应该)等所接的宾语从句中用should 型虚拟语气。should 常省略。 2.在order,suggestion等名词后同位语从句,表语从句中用should 型虚拟语气,可省略should3.在as if,as though引导的表语从句中,在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。4.在it is +形容词/名词+that主语从句 (should) +do”,常用的句型见 一 。5. wish后,从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步,即wish that 过去时(跟现在相反) / would +v. (跟将来相反)6. would rather that sb did sth sb had done