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1、名词从句与定语从句的区别及解题技巧一、 由两种从句的功能和所处的位置进行区别。名词从句的主要功能是充当句中的主语、宾语、同位语和表语，它们的位置一般处于句首、动词或介词之后；而定语从句的功能是起修饰和限定先行词的作用，一般处于名词、代词或名词短语之后。如：1. Whether we will go picnicking depends on the weather. （位于句首，为主语从句）2. I learned that he was a famous writer. （位于谓语动词后，为宾语从句）3. He is satisfied with what youve done. （位于介词
2、后，为宾语从句）4. That is why I came here. (位于系动词后，为表语从句) 5. I will never forget the days when we got together. （在名词day后，为定语从句）6. This is the book that I have been looking for. （在名词book后，为定语从句）7. The reason why he came home late is that he was trapped in the traffic jam. （前句在名词reason后，为定语从句；后句在be动词后，为表语从句）
3、二、同位语从句和定语从句的区别。定语从句是形容词性的 同位语从句是名词性的有些表示“看法、问题、事实、消息”等名词如thought, idea, belief, question, doubt, problem, fact, news, information, order, hope, answer, conclusion等后面既可以接同位语从句，也可以接定语从句。区别的办法要看这些词在从句中有没充当什么成分。如：The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good. （idea在从句中没充当任何成分，that在此无词义，引导的从句属同位语
4、从句） 同位语从句中的that去掉后，句子是完整正确的The idea that he thought of is quite good.（idea在从句中是of的宾语，that指代the idea，引导的从句是定语从句，修饰限定先行词the idea.） 三、由句意决定从句的属性。如：Danby left word with my secretary _B_ he would call again in the afternoon. （05年浙江，15）A. who B. that C. as D. which1. Mary wrote an article on _ the team ha
5、d failed to win the game. (05全国卷I, 23)A. why B. what C. who D. that根据句意“玛丽写了一篇关于球队失利的原因的文章”，从句中主谓宾成分都具备，即the team(主语) had failed (谓语) to win the game(宾语)等已齐全，缺的是原因状语，所以选why。这句话如果改为：Mary wrote an article on _ had failed to win the game.或Mary wrote an article on _ failed the team to win the game的话，第一个
6、空缺少的是主语who, 意为“玛丽写了一篇关于谁输了这场比赛的文章”；第二个空缺少的也是主语，但从句意来看，不是“谁导致球队输”，而是“什么（原因）导致球队输”，所以应该填what才对。2. There is a problem _ they should continue the work. A. whether B. that C. what D. which从句意得知，从句“他们应该继续工作”的前提是“问题”，因此，这里要选A项，“有个问题是他们是否该继续工作”。如果选B，这句话的题干就应该改为“There is no problem that they should continue
7、the work.”（毫无疑问，他们应该继续工作。）二、定语从句复习1. This is the place _AC_ she used to visit.2. This is the place _BD_ she used to live. A. that B. where C. which D. in which另外，有些题干会把一些固定搭配的动词短语拆开，让考生选择适当的选项。这时，考生要懂得还原短语，也就是在关系代词前加上题干所缺的介词。如：Theres nobody _B_ she could turn for help.A. whom B. to whom C. who D. fo
8、r whom名词从句与定语从句的引导词及其在从句中的作用一览表引导词名词从句定语从句词义在从句中充当的成分先行词所指在从句中充当的成分that 无词义不作成分，只起连接作用人/物/事主语、宾语、表语which哪个主语、宾语、定语物/事主语、宾语、表语who谁主语、宾语、表语人主语、宾语whom谁宾语、表语人宾语whose谁的定语人/物的所有格定语when什么时候时间状语时间时间状语where什么地方地点状语地点地点状语why为什么原因状语原因原因状语as人/物/事主语、宾语、表语what什么，所的主语、宾语whether / if是否不作成分，只起连接作用how如何，怎么样程度状语how ma
9、ny /much多少定语how soon /often / long多久/经常/长状语whatever, whoever, whomever无论什么/谁主语、宾语、表语whosever, whichever无论谁的/哪个定语whenever, wherever无论何时/何处状语Whether 和If的用法（1） 引导宾语从句时whether与if可替换。例如：She asked me whether / if the teacher would leave她问我老师是否会离开。（2） 引导主语从句时whether可放在从句句首或句末；而if一般放在从句句末。例如：Whether they wi
10、11 come is unknown It is unknown whether / if theyll come他们是否会来还不知道。（3） 引导表语从句、同位语从句时，只能用whether。例如：The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。历年高考真题演练：1. (06年全国卷) See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what2. (06年全国卷) Pl
11、ease remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. what3. (06年安徽卷)A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which4. (06年福建卷) Look out! Dont get too close to t
12、he house _ roof is under repair.A. whose B. which C. of which D. that5. (06年陕西卷) She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that6. (05年重庆卷) The old ladys hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor
13、 _ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why7. (05年安徽卷) Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what;
14、whenB. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that8. (05年广东卷) Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. that B. by which C. which D. in which9. (05年广东卷) Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. what C. that D. whether10. (04年北京卷) We cannot figure out _ quite
