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1、单元重点语法：动词的-ing用法大扫描动词的-ing形式用法繁杂，是历年高考命题的重点，也是学生容易出错的难点。它在句中不仅可担当主语宾语表语定语状语及补足语，而且还有时态和语态的变化。下面我们对其常考用法进行一下梳理与归纳，希望能让大家熟悉其用法并提高运用能力。【动词-ing用法连连看】一 做主语：表示经常性、习惯性或已经发生的行为，可直接置于主语位置,也可以用it作形式主语而把做真正主语的动词-ing形式放在句子的后部例如：1. Getting up early in the morning is a good habit. (-ing直接做主语)2. It is no use waiti
2、ng here without taking action. (it做形式主语)二 做宾语：可直接做宾语也可以复合形式(拥有自己的逻辑主语的动词-ing形式)做宾语。【链接高考】At the beginning of the class, the noise of desks _could be heard outside the classroom. (2007年全国II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close分析：本题考查动词-ing复合形
3、式做介词of的宾语。其中desks是后面动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。由于open和close与desks构成被动关系，故选C。！注意：-ing复合结构做宾语时其逻辑主语要使用形容词性物主代词和宾格形式均可，如上题中也可用desks做being opened and closed的逻辑主语。但若-ing复合结构做主语时则只能使用形容词性物主代词做其逻辑主语，如：His being late made me angry.【归纳与扩展】 1. 下面口诀中的动词后面常接动词-ing形式作宾语：承认冒险盼原谅，考虑建议不禁想，错过欣赏准介意，禁止推迟继续练，否认逃亡避免难，完成TO字共喜欢。其对应动词分
4、别为：admit, risk, look forward to, excuse/pardon, consider, suggest/advise, cant help, imagine/fancy , miss, appreciate, allow/permit, mind, forbid, delay/put off, keep/keep on, practice, deny, escape, avoid, enjoy。另外下面含有to的短语也常接动词-ing形式做宾语：be used/accustomed to（习惯做某事），lead to（导致），devoteto，stick to（坚持
5、），object to（反对），get down to，pay attention to。2. 在need, want, require动词后常用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。例如：The questions need discussing.=The questions need to be discussed. 3.下列动词或词组跟动名词和不定式做宾语意义不同，要特别注意：1）forget/remember/regret to do something 意为“忘记/记住/遗憾去做某事”，do后于forget/remember/regret发生；forget/re
6、member/regret doing something意为“忘记/记住/后悔做了某事”，do先于forget/remember/regret发生。2）stop to do something 停下来去做另外一件事 stop doing something停下正在做的某事3）try to do something 努力做某事 try doing something 试着做某事4）mean to do something 打算做某事 mean doing something 意味着做某事5）go on to do something接着做另外一件事 go on doing something
7、连续做同一件事6）cant help (to) do something 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing something 禁不住做某事三 做表语：通常指主语的内容状态或性质等例如：【课文原句】1. My main job is collecting information about Mount Kilauea.2. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch. 四 做定语：单个的动词-ing形式作定语时通常放在所修饰的名词前面，而动词-ing短语做定语时则常放在被修饰的词后面例如：【课文原句】1.I t
8、ravel to unusual places and meet interesting people from all over the world.2. I am a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.【扩展与归纳】-ing形式做定语常表示动作正在进行，不定式做定语常侧重于表将来，而过去分词做定语则侧重过去完成。例如：1. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. (2009山东)2. It is one of the fun
9、niest things found on the Internet s far this year. (2008浙江)3. The meeting being held now is of great importance.五、做补足语：常与keep, have, see, watch, observe, notice, listen to, hear, smell, leave连用在句中担当宾语补足语或主语补足语，说明宾语或主语的状态或性质。其中补足语与相应的宾语或主语构成主动关系。【链接高考】1. They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoo
10、thly.（2009年全国II） A. being run B. run C. to run D. running分析：本句意为“他们运用电脑来保持交通畅通无阻”。Keep后常接复合宾语，如果宾语补足语与宾语构成主动关系则应使用现在分词。该题中run与the traffic构成主动关系，故选D。2. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _my mind, I almost break down.（2007福建）A. filled B. filling C. to fill D
11、. being filled分析：此题考查with的复合结构，其中fill与so much work构成主动关系故选B。六 做状语：可表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，例如：1. 表时间：Having been told many times , he finally understood it. （2009年四川）2. 表原因：Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead（2008重庆）3. 表让步：Having studied volcanoes now for more than
12、twenty years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. (课文原句)4. 表结果：A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board. （2009年上海）5. 表伴随：We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the results of the experim
13、ent.（2008四川）6. 表条件：Working hard this way, you will achieve your goal in time. 7. 表方式：When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding back（2009年辽宁）【归纳与扩展】1. 连接词if, once, when, while, although, unless可与动词-ing形式直接连用，形成紧缩式的状语从句，例如：Once making a promise, you should try to keep it.2. -ing形式作状语时一般
14、情况下其逻辑主语应与主句的主语保持一致,而独立主格形式则与主句的主语不一致。【链接高考】The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. (2007山东)A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 句意：这个国家已经发射了三艘无人驾驶宇宙飞船，最近的一艘于去年三月底发射。Launch与the most recent构成被动关系
15、且动作已经完成，故选B。【趁热打铁，学以致用】1. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.（2009年福建）A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked 2. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain . （2009年浙江） A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating 3. Bill suggested _a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai EXPO during the vacation. （2009年上海） A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 4. At the age of 29,
