初一英语上海牛津版unit2语法总结复习名词

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1、课题名称初一英语上海牛津版Unit 2语法总结复习名词(二)教学目标同步教学知识内容Unit 2语法总结复习 个性化学习问题解决名词教学重点名词的数教学难点名词的数、名词的格。教学内容I名词三. 名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。eg. stone figures(石像);paper money(纸币);country music(乡村音乐);table cloth(桌布);river bank(河岸);school gate(校门口);book stores(书店);traffic lights(交通灯);summer holid

2、ays(暑假);evening dress(晚礼服)。但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。eg. sports meet(运动会);the United States government(美国政府);students reading-room(学生阅览室);goods train(货车);two men doctors(两个男医生)。四. 重难点讲解: 1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _ newspaper, with _ in her eyes.A. a, tear B. a piece of, tears C. a, tears D

3、. a piece of, tear陷阱:误选D,许多学生错误地认为,既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词,那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的;同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”,“水”不可数,“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。分析:最佳答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数,而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。The newspapers were full of lie

4、s. 报纸上一片谎言。A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。2. Her father works as a _ in a hotel and her mother a _ in a private company. A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter陷阱:误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type 用作动词,表示“打字”,所以 typewri

5、ter 应表示“打字员”。分析:“而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。3. “Why couldnt they meet us at five oclock?” “Because they were delayed by _.”A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics陷阱:B、C、D三项均容易误选。分析:对于此题,首先要明确traffic为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除B和D。另外,汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”,

6、而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic,要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”,英语通常说heavy traffic,即选A。如下面一题也是选A:She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in _.A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics4. In fact, _ one cause that leads to the problem. A. cattle is B. cattle are C. cattles

7、are D. the cattles are陷阱:此题容易误选A,想当然地认为cattle是单数,并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is。陷阱:其实,正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜,牛)为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s,却永远表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数。又如:For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。类似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法,即只有单数形式,

8、但却表示复数意义;用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如:The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候,我就不痛快。5. By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. mean, mean B. means, means C. me

9、ans, mean D. mean, means陷阱:误选C,认为第一空前有all修饰,故用means,而第二空前有every修饰,故用mean。分析:其实,means是一个单复数同形的名词,并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说,在表示“方式”、“方法”时,不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用作名词,表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C,by all means为习语,意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句,means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较:All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。

10、Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如:Is Are there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?6. Jim is _ person, and everyone is willing to be _ with him.A. so kind a, friends B. so a kind, friends C. so kind a, friend D. so a kind, friend陷阱:

11、误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。分析:其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person,注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语,意为“与友好”、“跟做朋友”,与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是,这类短语中的名词总是用复数,即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如:He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。7. We already have _ pencils, bu

12、t we need two _ pens.A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens C. dozens of, dozen D. dozens of, dozen of陷阱:误选 B。分析:此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂,大致原则是:(1)当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。(2)当它不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语。如:Ive been there dozens of times. 我去过那

13、儿几十次。Shes got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属类似情况:Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。 (3)当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但需注意:不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词 of不能省略。如:several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔注:英语较少使用many dozen的说法,要表示类似意思可用dozens of。(4)当它后面的名

14、词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后接的是us, them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词 of。如:two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的3打注:score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。8. She raised her finger to her lips as _ for silence. A. an idea B. a mark C. a sign D. a word陷阱:容易误选B。分析:应选C,sign与mark的区别是:sign

15、的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等),mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地,下面两题的答案也是C:(1)Those black clouds are a sure _ that its going to rain. A. thing

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