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1、外文原文computerThe modern world of high technology could not have come about except for the development of the computer. Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household a
2、ccounts. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing through the techniques of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems. They are essential tools in almost every field of research and applied technology, from constructing models of the universe to producing tomorrows w
3、eather reports, and technique use has in itself opened up new areas of conjecture. Database services and computer networks make available a great variety of information sources. The same advanced techniques also make the invasions of privacy and restricted information sources possible, and computer
4、crime has become one of the many risks that society must face if it is to enjoy the benefits of modern technology.A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and co
5、rrelating other forms of information. The type of computers are mainly inclusive of Microcomputer, Minicomputer, Mainframe Computer and Supercomputer, etc. Microminiaturization , the effort to compress more circuit elements into smaller and smaller chip space is becoming the major trend in computer
6、development. Besides, researchers are trying to develop more powerful and more advanced computers.Any customers all pass the operate system to use the calculator, not direct carry on the operation to the hardware of the calculators. The operate system is a bridge that communicates the customer and c
7、alculator. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks and provide a software platform. The choice of operating systems determines to a great extent of the applications. Therefore OS is very important.The operate system is
8、 in the charge of Computer resource control program to execute system software. Say in a specific way， the OS is the most basic in the calculator software system, also constituting the part most importantly, it is responsible for the management and controls the calculator system in all hardware reso
9、urces and the software resources, can make of various resources matched with mutually, moderating to work with one accord, full develop its function, exaltation the efficiency of the system, still take the interface function of the customer and the calculator system at the same time, use the calcula
10、tor to provide the convenience for the customer. The operate system is a huge management control procedure, including 5 management functions mostly: Progress and processing the machine manage, the homework manage, saving management, equipments management, document management. Divide the line from th
11、e function, the tiny machine operate system can is divided into the single mission operate system, single many mission operate systems of customer and many mission operate systems of multi-user of single customer. At present there are several kinds of OS on the computer which are DOS, OS/2, UNIX, XE
12、NIX, LINUX, Window2000, Netware etc.In order for a computer to perform the required task, it must be given instructions in a language that it understands. However, the computers own binary based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. Therefore, people devised an assembly lang
13、uage to shorten and simplify the process. In order to make a computer more friendly to use, programmers invented high level languages, such as COBOL, FORTRAN, ASSEMBLER, PASCAL, C+, etc, which made the computers easier to use. For the time being, HTML and XML are very useful languages as well. The d
14、atabase is often used to describe a collection of related data that is organized into an integrated, sophisticated structure that provides different people with varied access to the same data. A database management system is an extremely complex set of software programs that controls the organizatio
15、n, storage and retrieval of data in a database. A successful DBMS is often characterized with the four principal features: (1)Data Security and Integrity; (2)Interactive query; (3)Interactive data Entry and Updating; (4)Data Independence. The intelligent databases are becoming more popular in that t
16、hey can provide more validation. The researches on new types of database systems are underway. 计算机倘若不是伴随着计算机的发展，现代世界的高端技术不可能出现。从政府的秘密文件到银行对私人家庭账户的账目往来上看，不同类型和规模的计算机在存储和处理数据方面的用途贯穿着整个社会。计算机通过自动化技术在制造业方面开辟了一个新的纪元，并且增强了现代化通信系统。他们几乎在研究和技术应用的每个领域上都是必不可少的工具，从宇宙的构造模型上去推测未来的天气预报，同时他们使用这种技术进一步去开辟新领域的猜想。数据库服务和计算机网络可以得到大量信息资源。同样先进的技术也能使隐私被非法入侵和信息源遭受限制成为可能，计算机犯罪已经成为诸多隐患之一，当它享用现代技术带来的的好处时社会必须面对这种情况的发生。计算机是一种能够接收一系列指令、程序，并能自动执行程序，通过数值型数据进行各种数据运算和信息处理的电子设备。计算机的类型主要包括微机、小型机、中型机和大型机等等。微小
