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1、2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题与答案解析2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试 题与答案解析2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试 题 .012008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案解析.102008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poi
2、nts)The idea that some groups of people may be intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it any way. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4
3、 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more
4、 intelligent than the others, hut explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9_ 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to th
5、e intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts,14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former
6、has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pre
7、ssures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.A.selected B.prepared C.obliged D.Pleased2.A.uniqueB.particularC.specialD.rare3.A.ofB.withC.inD.against4.A.subsequentlyB.presentlyC.previouslyD.lately5.A.OnlyB.SoC.EvenD.Hence6.A.thoughtB.sightC.costD.risk7.A.adviseB.suggestsC.protestsD.objects
8、8.A.progressB.factC.needD.question9.A.attainingB.scoringC.reachingD.calculating10.A.normalB.commonC.meanD.total11.A.unconsciouslyB.disproportionatelyC.indefinitelyD.unaccountably12.A.missionsB.fortunesC.interestsD.careers13.A.affirmB.witnessC.observeD.approve14.A.moreoverB.thereforeC.howeverD.meanwh
9、ile15.A.given upB.got overC.carried onD.put down16.A.assessingB.supervisingC.administratingD.valuing17.A.developmentB.originC.consequenceD.instrument18.A.linkedB.integratedC.wovenD.combined19.A.limitedB.subjectedC.convertedD.directed20.A.paradoxicalB.incompatibleC.inevitableD.continuousSection Readi
10、ng ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1While still catching up to men in some sphere of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable c
11、ategory. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychologist at New Yorks Vctcrans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect
12、 the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of
13、the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,”
14、 she observes, “Its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic of repeated nature. Men g
15、o to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, patents of other family members, and they end not to be one-shot deals. The wear and tear that occurs from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a
