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1、定语从句一. 定义：在复合句中，用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起修饰限定作用的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词，代词或句子叫“先行词”，引导定语从句的连词叫“关系词”，可分为关系代词和关系副词。二. 先行词：分为三类： Eg. 1. The magazine that she bought yesterday was about gossip. 2. The girl who is in red is my sister. 3. He was late for school a third time during the week, which made her
2、 teacher very angry.三. 关系词：引导定语从句的词，代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分。 关系代词： 关系副词：（一）who whom that都用于指人，_在定语从句中做主、宾、表; _作宾语；Eg. 1. 那个戴墨镜的女孩是他的表妹。 2. 你在大街上碰到的那些人来自澳大利亚。（二）which that都用于指物，在定语从句中充当_.Eg. 1. 穿过市中心的那条河流已经被严重污染了。 2. 裁缝为我做的那套衣服不合我身。（三）_既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。Eg. 1. 你是唯一他可能听取意见的人。2. 我想要订一个窗户面向大海的房间。注：Eg. He studi
3、es in a school whose buildings are built on top of a hill.(四) as: as 引导定语从句常出现于_,as 既可指人，指物，也可指整个句子。在定语从句中可作主、宾、表等。Eg. 1. _（那些对社会做出巨大贡献的人）should be greatly respected.2. He used _(在课文中可以找到的那样的词语)。注：介词后面跟关系代词引导定语从句时，只能用whom, which或whose，并且不能省略关系代词。Eg. 1. The woman _you shook hands with just now is hea
4、d of the company. 2. The woman with_ you shook hands just now is head of the company.3.这就是我讲话中提到的那辆车。（五）when 在定语从句中做时间状语，常可用_等代替。Eg. 1. 4月1日是人们愚弄他人的日子。2.她在我出差的那周来广州啦。(六) where: 在定语从句中做地点状语，常用_等代替。Eg. 1. 我记不起来书包放在哪个房间啦。2. 他们住的那家宾馆在一场火灾中被毁坏了。注：Eg. These are the few points_ we disagree with each other.
5、(七) why: 在定从中做原因状语，常可用_代替。Eg. 1. Please tell me _（你昨天没来上课的原因）。2. Could you give me a reason_（不辞而别的理由）。注：1. I do not believe the reason_(你刚刚跟我解释的理由)。2. This is the place _(我们上个暑假参观的地方)。3. This is a day _(终生难忘的日子)。四非限制性定语从句（一）定语从句包括：_是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，不完整。是先行词的附加说明，去掉也不会影响主句意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。Eg.
6、 1. This is the house_.这是我们上个月买的那栋房子。2. The house, _, is very nice.这栋房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。 （二）使用非限制性定语从句的情况1. 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时Eg. Charles Smith,_, resigned last year.查尔斯史密斯去年退休啦，他曾经是我的老师。 This movie, _,is very touching.这部电影很动人，我已经看三遍啦。2. 非限制性定语从句还可将整个主句做先行词，对其整个主句表达的意思进行修饰，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。注：关系代词tha
7、t和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。Eg. He said he had finished his work,_.(对此我深表怀疑)He seems not to have grasped what I meant,_.他似乎未明白我的意思，这使我很心烦。（三）as 引导非限制性定语从句可代替主句全部或部分内容。常表示说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法，有正如、像等意思，其位置灵活，可置于_。As后常接词语：（四）as, which 引导非限制性定语从句区别1.位置：Eg.2.两者都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在从句中可作主、宾。但是，as代表前面整个主句并在从句中作主语时，Eg.
8、It rained hard yesterday,_prevented me from going to the park.The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,_was agreed beforehand.五关代与关副的用法（一）只用which不用that的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句Eg. 2.关系代词前有介词时Eg.3.先行词为that时Eg. The clock is that _.(报时的装置)(二) 只用that不用which的情况（当先行词指物时）1.当先行词前有序数词或last修饰时Eg.2.当先行词被形容词最高级
9、修饰时Eg.3.当先行词为_等不定代词或被_等修饰时Eg. 4. 先行词中同时包括人和物时Eg.5.先行词被only或very（恰好，表强调）等修饰时Eg.（三）只用who,不用that的情况1.当_作为先行词指人时，通常只能用whoEg.2.当先行词为he时Eg.六that 做关系副词，表时间、方式、原因只起引导从句的作用，其修饰的先行词常为表方式的_,表时间的_,以及表地点的_等，此时，that代替in which, when,where.Eg.七分离型定语从句（一）被状语隔开Eg.他在那找到他一直在寻找的字典(二) 被谓语隔开Eg.目的：前提：句子不产生歧义Eg. He hid the
10、gun in the cellar which his wife found.八主谓一致问题九强调句型It is(was) + 被强调的部分+ that(who)+其他部分注：对下面句子各部分成分进行强调。My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.用合适关系词填空。It was seven oclock _he returned home.It was at seven oclock_he returned home.Read the following passage and analyze the sentence
11、structure. The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon which refers to cases where individuals do not offer any means of help in an emergency situation to the victims at that time when other people are present. Xiao Yueyue has been a hit about whom people are talking. On Oct. 22nd, the
12、 news that spread was that the little girl, whose name was Xiao Yueyue, passed away. Xiao Yueyue, a two-year-old toddler, who wandered off her mother and played near the street, was run over by two trucks. As is reported, 18 people witnessed the accident but didnt offer any means of help. Many netizens are discussing the reasons why people are so indifferent when seeing such accident. Practice：Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
