SPONGES and MICROSCOPES!!!Introduction Although sponges are found in freshwater their greatest diversity is in marine habitats. They are filter feeders specializing in bacteria-size particles, which they remove from the water with great efficiency. The have a variety of cells that help with reproduction, filtration, and protection. Today you will make microscope slides to help you observe some common sponges under higher magnification. You will also look at pre-made slides of different spicules. Pre-Lab Questions: 1. What phylum are sponges in? How does their Phylum name relate to their function?2. What are spicules?3. What is spongin?Bath Sponges Look at the demonstrations of dry skeletons of bath sponges. These sponges are prized for bath and car care because their well-developed spongin skeletons lack spicules of any type. The examples you see have been treated to remove all tissues so that only the protein skeleton remains. Feel the texture of the sponge and consider its suitability for washing your car or your body. Would it be so suitable if it contained millions of tiny glass needles? With the instructor's permission, remove a tiny piece of one of the bath sponges. Place it on a microscope slide with a couple drops of water. Observe your sponge with the microscope at 2 different magnifications, and record your observations. (Hint: If you cut your sponge to thick, the light of the microscope can’t penetrate thru). Observations 1: Two Microscope images, with labels Next, remove another tiny piece of sponge from the sample. This time place it in a drop or two of fresh bleach on a microscope slide and allow digestion to take place. Bleach digests the tissue of sponges, leaving only the spicules behind. When bubbling subsides, cover the liquid with a coverslip and examine the sponge. Draw and label your observations. Observations 2: One Microscope image with labels Spicules Obtain a pre-made slide of spicules. Draw and label your observations at 2 different magnifications using the compound microscope. Observations 3: 2 Microscope images with labels Conclusion Question:1. How did the sponges differ in Observation 1 and 2?2. In observation 2, could you see any spicules? Why or why not?3. Using figure 12.5 in your book, show the differences in the three canal systems of sponges. Meaning, draw and explain the path water takes during filtration. 4. Looking at your picture, what sponge parts are similar in all 3 groups.SPONGES and MICROSCOPES!!! – PART 2Introduction Earlier you observed a natural sea sponge. A “bath” sea sponge is composed of only spongin. It doesn’t contain any spicules. A natural sea sponge used in the bath or washing your car has the body plan of a Leuconoid. Leuconoid body plans have flagellated chambers. Each sponge has many chambers to increase surface area and water volume. The chambers contain choanocytes that will help move and filter the water. Now you will be observing Grantia, a marine sponge. These sponges are small and live solitary lives. They are part of the Class Calcarea, which includes sponges with straight, and 3-4 rayed spicules. The canal system of Grantia is syconoid. This body plan involves radial canals that lead into the spongocoel. The radial canals are lined with flagellated choanocytes. Unlike Asconoids, whose spongocoel is lined with choanocytes. Pre-Lab Questions: 4. What canal system do bath sponges have?5. Why would we use this type of sponge for our bath sponges?6. What class of sponges is Grantia in? 7. What characteristics does this class have?8. Explain the body plan of Grantia?Grantia Obtain the pre-made whole mount slide of Grantia. It is usually 1 – 3 cm in size. Using the dissecting microscope, observe the sponge. Draw your observations. (Observation #1) In your drawing label:Osculum, Spicules surrounding Osculum, Ostia and Radial Canals, and Spongocoel. Obtain a pre-made cross section slide of Grantia. Using the compound microscope, make 2 illustrations at different magnifications. (Observation #2 and 3) In each drawing label the location of: Choanocytes, Archaeocyte, Porocytes Lastly, view the pre-made slide of a commercial sponge with the compound microscope. This should be similar to what you saw earlier. (Observation #4) Label the Spongin. Conclusion Questions: 1. How would a sponge in the Class Hexactinellida, differ from the sponge Grantia?2. How would a sponge in the Class Hexactinellida be similar to Grantia?3. What is the function of:a. Choanocytesb. Archeaocytesc. Porocytes4. Explain the different method of reproduction by these sponges?5. What uses do other organisms have for sponges? 。