高二英语定语从句复习课

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1、高二英语 定语从句复习课让我们先通过几个关键词来回味一下到底什么是定语从句一 定语 定语是对名词和代词的一种限定。中文里无论定语有多长都要放在被修饰词的前面,而在英文里如果定语是个句子,则放在被修饰词的后面。二 从句从句也一定是个句子,也必须符合英语简单句的基本结构。英语简单句的结构有五种:主谓,主谓宾,主谓双宾,主谓宾宾补和主系表。符合里面任何一种结构都可以称为一个完整的句子。因此,定语从句:通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰它前面的一个名词或一个句子,它是形容词性的句子,没有它,原句也完整。其中被修饰限制的词叫做先行词,起连接作用的词叫关系词或引导词。This is the school

2、(先行词)where(关系词或引导词) I worked.三 限制性定语从句定非限制性定语从句 限定性从句它与主句关系密切,没有逗号,引导词有时候可以省略。非限定性从句它与主句关系松散,通常用逗号和主句分开。 This is the school that you visited last week这是你上周参观的学校(限定) This is our school, which I like very much 这是我们的学校 我非常喜欢它(非限定)四 引导词定语从句中的引导词有两类:一类是关系代词,如指代人的who(常在句中作主语,宾语) ,whom(常作宾语) ,that(主语,宾语,表语

3、) ,as(主语,宾语,表语);指代事物的which(主语,宾语) ,that(主语,宾语,表语) ,as(主语,宾语,表语);表达所属关系的whose(=of whom/which定语)。 另一类是关系副词,如where(=in等+which,地点状语),when(=in等+which,时间状语) ,why(=for+ which,原因状语)。五 关系词的选用在选择关系词时记住四个字, 瞻前顾后。所谓瞻前,就是看看先行词是人还是物。如果是人,我们会选who,that等关系代词;如果是物,which, that, as等就会派上用场。顾后,它指的是我们要根据从句中缺少什么成分来最终确定关系词的

4、选用。如从句中如果缺少主语 宾语等,我们就要选择关系代词who ,that ,which等等。如果从句中缺少的是状语,我们就要选择关系副词when ,where ,why。He is the boy who I respect very much 这里面由于先行词是boy选择who来引导从句Its the story which I heard from you这句话先行词是story是物所以用which来引导。I remember the day that I spent with you .从句中spent缺少宾语,所以用that引导从句I remember the day when I

5、played with you.从句缺少状语on that day所以选择when引导从句六 高考的难点与重点1.that与which 这两个关系代词在指物时常能互换,但在应用中要特别注意只用that和只用which的情形 只使用that应遵循的规律是 先行词是everything ,nothing ,anything ,something ,much ,little ,none等不定代词或由不定代词any ,some, no ,much,few, little ,every ,all等修饰时。I want everything that you have我想要你拥有的一切东西。 先行词被形容

6、词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时Avatar is the best film that I have seen阿凡达是我看过的最好的一部电影。 先行词中既有人又有事物时I like the boy and the dog that live in the next door先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时This is the only food that is left after the flood当先行词前面有who ,which等疑问代词时Who is the man that you referred to just now?你刚才提及的人是谁只使用which

7、应遵循的规则在介词后指代物时Its the hall in which they can enjoy music用于非限定定语从句中He often plays tricks on mewhich makes me unhappy2.as与that ,which的区别。as可用在the same, such, as ,so之后 It is such a big stone as nobody can lift It is such a big stone that nobody can lift it such可以和as也可以和that搭配,第一句话从句部分nobody can lift不完整

8、,缺少宾语,而as在定语从句中可充当主语 ,宾语或表语。所以第一句话里面含有一个定语从句,应选择as。第二句话多了一个it,那么这句话就什么都不缺了,所以用that引导构成一个状语从句。 as和which这两个关系代词的区别是:as指代整个句子,可以放在句首也可以放在句中、句末,而which不能置于句首; as有正如的意思而which没有As is known to all,he is the best student.Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.所以第一句话我们应该选择as而第二句话

9、我们填which 一些习惯性用语中As everyone knows; as we all know; as is known to us; as we had expected; as is often the case; as often happens; as has been said before等3 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词,但也有一些例外Ive come to the point where I cant stand him我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了The country is in the situation where a war will

10、 break out at any moment国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中所以如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation ,part,condition,case和occasion等等表示抽象意义的词常用where来引导意思是到了某种地步,在某种境况中.4 注意一些综合考查定语从句与强调句where and thatThis is the library where (from which)I borrow the book(定语从句)It is the library that I borrow the book from. (强调句) This is the schoo

11、l that I will visit. (定语从句) This is the factory where I worked. (定语从句) 总结:定语从句中的that在从句充当成分(主语,宾语或表语);同位语从句的that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。定语从句与表语从句The place -the bridge is supposed to be built should be - the cross-river traffic is the heaviestA which ;where B at which ; which C at which;where D which ;in which 这道题答案应该选择C第二部分be动词后面应该是表语从句,表语从句里面where不可能用at which,in which来代替。3

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