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1、语法虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用。虚拟条件句中主、从句谓语采用不同的形式。情 况条 件 从 句主 句 与现在事实相反 过去式(be用 were)Would(should,could might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+动词过去分词Would(should,could,might)+have+动词过去分词 与将来事实相反 1.过去式 2.should+动词原形 3. were to+动词原形Would(should,could,might)+动词原形 （1）如果我是你，我会更加努力学习英语。（2）如果昨晚你在这儿，就什么事都不会发生了。 （3）如果我早到一点的话，我就会
2、赶上那辆公共汽车了。（4）明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考试了。虚拟条件句使用的注意点: 1. 混合虚拟条件句：主从句动作发生的时间不一致。谓语动词采用不同的形式。1) If you had come last week, you could work out the problem now.2) If he had listened to me, he wouldnt be in trouble now. 如果你昨天告诉我，我现在就知道怎么办了。 _.2. 虚拟条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 1) If I were you, I
3、would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. 2) If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.3. 隐含条件句.without 、but for 、but、or构成虚拟。(but for要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different
4、from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.4. If only (要是就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。_.要是我没错过火车就好了二、虚拟语气宾语从句中的使用：1. wish + 宾语从句 现在： 过去时 (did/were) 过去： 过去完成时 (had done) 未来： would / co
5、uld / might + V. I wish I were a bird. (现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来) 现在： 过去时 2. would rather that 过去： 过去完成时 未来： 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. (现在) I would rather you had not told her the news. (过去) Dont come. I would rather you came t
6、omorrow. (未来)3. 表示要求，命令，建议等动词后的宾语从句。一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose四个要求：demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。注意: insist suggest Eg. He insisted that he _ anything and that he _ free at once. ( )A. shouldnt steal; shou
7、ld be set B. hadnt stolen ; be setC. shouldnt steal; should set D. hadnt stolen; should set.三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用。(1) It is important / necessary / natural / strange + that + clause (should) + do It is natural that he (should) think so . Is it necessary that he be given more time?(2) It is suggested / req
8、uested/ proposed/ desired/ decided that + clause (should) + do . It is requested that he go there right now. It was arranged that they leave the following week(3) it is a pity / a shame / no wonder that + clause should do. It is no wonder that he should do so.It is a pity that he should be so carele
9、ss.四、虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用：主句主语是：suggestion ( proposal, request, order, advice, idea, plan ) + be +that clause (should) do 他的建议是我们立即完成这项工作。五、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用。suggestion ( proposal, request, order, advice, idea, plan， recommendation ) +that clause (should) do .What do you think of Toms proposal that we (should
10、) put on a play at the English evening? He gave us his suggestion that we not go on doing the experiment.六、虚拟语气在as if, as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中的使用。He speaks English as if he _an Englishman.They talked about the city as if they _there before.七、虚拟语气在even if /though 引导的让步状语从句中（表达相反） Nothing could have
11、saved him even if he had been tended without delay. (过去） I would punish you even if your father were here.八、虚拟语气在定语从句中的使用。Its high time +that - 过去时 should +V.你该走了。 _.我们该睡觉了。 _.九. think / want / hope / expect / plan / mean / intend等词用过去完成时表示“原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事”. 其后的宾语从句谓语用“would+动词原形”1. I had wanted to
12、 help her, but I was too busy at that time.2. I had hoped that she would go to the USA. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.巩固练习：判断下列句子正误，并将错误的予以纠正。 1. If it rains tomorrow, I would not go there. (It is going to rain tomorrow)2. If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go there.3
13、. How I wish I passed the exam! (But I didnt )4. My suggestion is that we turned to our teacher while in trouble.5. His pale face suggested that he was ill, and his parents suggested that he had a medical examination.6. They talked as if they have been friends for years.7. Its high time that we go to the concert.单选题1.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. NMET98 A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 2. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chi
