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1、基础自主梳理考点分层突破单元能力提升,Unit 1,Friendship,专题9,正反解读定语从句,正面解读反面解读实战演练,1. 2017全国卷 Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.,【答案】 which 分析句子结构可知,“ is not good for the health”为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的to have too much of both,即“摄入过多的两者”,从句缺少主语,故用which引导定语从句,并作从句主语。,高考链接,2.
2、2017全国卷 But Sarah, _has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.,【答案】 who 分析句子结构可知,此处是一个定语从句,缺少关系词,代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语,故填who。,3. 20176月浙江卷 was spread over the garden, _it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through i
3、t.,【答案】 where 此处先行词是the garden,在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。,4. 2016天津卷 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.,【答案】 when 先行词为next week, 其引导词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。,5. 2016全国卷 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_ I was
4、the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,【答案】 when 此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是时间名词,从句缺少状语,故填关系副词when。,考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 规则1 who,whom,whose引导的定语从句 who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom;whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时
5、可用of which代替,指人时可用of whom代替。 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。 My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。,考点归纳,规则2 that,which引导的定语从句 that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语
6、,作宾语或表语时可省略;which指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语,作宾语时,在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外,which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。 The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。 China Today attracts a worldwide readership,which shows that more and more people all over
7、the world want to learn about China. 今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。,温馨提示 下列情况只用that不用which: 先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词; 先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰; 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词; 先行词被the only,the very(正是,恰是),the last修饰; 先行词中既有人也有物; 在which或who引导的
8、特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。,考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when,where,why。有时可用“介词+which”结构替换。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗? They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 温馨提示 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、
9、地点和原因的词,仍用which/that引导定语从句。 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,则用关系代词that/which。,考点三 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮
10、鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 In 1961 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 1961年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。,Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels. Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,
11、 of which three were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书,其中三本是英文小说。 温馨提示 在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前后可以用of which/whom。 the+比较级或最高级前后用of which/whom等。,考点四 as,which引导的定语从句 as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中;which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。 The number of smokers
12、,as is reported,has dropped by 17 per cent in just one year. 正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 It is a truly delightful place,which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 这真是一个令人愉快的地方,它看上去和100年前的样子一样,有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。,温馨提示 as常用在下列习惯用语中: as (it) often
13、 happens,as I remember,as is often the case,as is expected,as is known to us,as is shown等。 “such/sothat”表示“如此以致”的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而“such/soas”表示“像这样”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 “the samethat”表示同一个人或物,而“the sameas”表示同种类的人或物。,误区之一 关系代词与关系副词的误用 【误】 I still remember the days when I spent with farmers
14、 in the countryside. 【正】 I still remember the days (that/which) I spent with farmers in the countryside. 分析 when改为that/which。先行词是the days，从句动词spent缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句并作从句宾语。,【误】 The big house which the workers used to live is now a teaching building. 【正】The big house where/in which the worke
15、rs used to live is now a teaching building. 分析 which前加in或改为where。先行词是the big house,从句结构完整,故用关系副词where引导定语从句并作从句状语,相当于in which。工人住过的大房子现在是一座教学楼。,误区之二 关系代词that与which的误用 【误】 All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on time. 【正】 All the books that were borrowed from the librar
16、y must be returned on time. 分析 which改为that。当定语从句的先行词被all, some, any, no, few等修饰时,关系代词用that。句意:所有从图书馆借出的书必须按时归还。,【误】 He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south. 【正】 He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south. 分析 that 改为which。在“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句中,指物时,关系代词用which不用that;指人时,关系代词用whom不用which。表示所有格关系时,一律用whose,the window of which相当于whose window。,【误
