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1、Period Three ,Grammar，Speaking & Writing,交际导航 口语积累运用,语法专题 复习v.-ing的用法,写作专题 写一封介绍旅游景点的说明文,栏目索引,语法精析,语法专题,一、结构,复习v.-ing的用法,二、意义 1.v.-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或正在进行，用一般式：doing/being done。如： The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 正在建造的房子是一所希望小学。 Passing by the accident scene，I saw a man badly hur
2、t being carried onto an ambulance. 从事故现场经过，我看到一个严重受伤的人正被抬上救护车。,2.v.-ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式：having done/having been done。如： Having closed all the windows，I went home. 关上所有的窗子，我回家了。 Having been invited to the party，Tom was very happy. 被邀请参加聚会，汤姆很高兴。 3.分词与其逻辑主语是被动关系时，要用被动语态。,三、作用 v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动
3、名词两部分。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1.动名词和现在分词作表语的区别 动名词作表语时，表示一般的概念，其主语多为抽象名词。 如： Her job is looking after the patients.(动名词作表语) 她的工作是照顾病人。 现在分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词，表示“令人的”。 如： The situation here is inspiring.(现在分词作表语) 这里的形势令人鼓舞。,即时跟踪1 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)Some peoples greatest pleasure is (
4、fish). (2)The report was so (inspire) that they were all excited.,答案,fishing,inspiring,2.动名词和现在分词作定语的区别 动名词作定语常说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。 如： a washing machinea machine which is used for washing 洗衣机 a reading rooma room for reading 阅览室 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作，单个的现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词的前面，短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面，只用一般式。 如：,t
5、he rising sunthe sun which is rising 正在升起的太阳 a moving filma film which is moving 感人的电影 The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river. The bridge which is being built now is the third bridge across the river. (being done表示正在被建) 现在正在建造的大桥是跨这条河的第三座了。,即时跟踪2 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)At present，E
6、nglish is the main subject (teach) here. (2)Who are those people with the banner? A group (call) itself the League for peace. (3)The pen (lie) on the table belongs to me.,答案,being taught,calling,lying,3.动名词作主语 动名词作主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为。 如： Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山是非常有趣的事。 动名词短语作主语有时常用it作形式主语，把动
7、名词短语置于句尾。常见的句型有：,即时跟踪3 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1) (learn) a language requires time and effort. (2)It is no good (smoke).You should give it up.,答案,Learning,smoking,4.动名词作宾语 常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词有(口诀)： 避免错过(少)延期avoid/miss/delay 建议完成(多)练习suggest/advise/finish/practise 喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/cant help 承认否
8、定(与)嫉妒admit/deny/envy 逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/risk/pardon/excuse 忍受保持(不)在意stand/keep/keep on/mind,即时跟踪4 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)I forgot (sign) my name when I finished (write) the composition. (2)I suggested (go) for a walk.,答案,to sign,writing,going,5.现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作正在进行。 如： He found himself lyi
9、ng on the ground when he came to himself. 当他苏醒过来，他发现自己正躺在地上。 常见的跟现在分词作宾语补足语的词有：see，watch，notice，hear，look at，listen to，have，get，keep，find等。 注意：let，make后不跟现在分词作宾语补足语。,即时跟踪5 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)He kept me (wait) for many hours. (2)Mother caught the boy (smoke) in the corner. (3)Having read the Emperors Ne
10、w Clothes，we all found it _ (interest).,答案,waiting,smoking,interesting,6.现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式以及作评论性状语等。现在分词的一般式作状语往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。完成式作状语往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。 如： Hearing the news，they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息他们都高兴地跳了起来。 Having finished his speech，he answered our questions. 演讲结束后，他回答了我们的问
11、题。 现在分词的一般被动式强调状语的动作与主语是被动关系，且正在进行。,现在分词的完成被动式强调时间先后，表示的动作在谓语动词之前已经完成，且状语动作与主语是被动关系。 Being used by me now，the bike cant be lent to you. 由于我正在使用，这辆自行车不能借给你。 Having been used for many years，the bike needs repairing. 已经使用了多年了，这辆自行车需要修理。,即时跟踪6 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1) (hear) the cry for help，people immediately
12、rushed out of the rooms. (2) (say) hello，he reached out his hand. (3) (suffer) such heavy pollution，it may now be too late to clean up the river.,答案,Hearing,Saying,Having suffered,7.现在分词作评论性状语 有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的有： generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking
13、严格说来 roughly speaking大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/by由判断 Judging from her accent，she must come from Australia. 从她的口音判断，她一定来自澳大利亚。,8.v.-ing 的逻辑主语 v.-ing形式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，通常是v.-ing形式前可以加一个代词或名词充当自己的主语，动名词的这种结构称为复合结构；现在分词的这种结构称为独立主格结构。形式如下： 物主代词/名词所有格动名词(作宾语时可用人称代词宾语动名词或名词动名词) 名词/人称代词主格现在分词 Marys
14、 coming late made her teacher angry.(动名词复合结构作主语) 玛丽的迟到使老师很生气。,Do you mind my/me smoking? (动名词复合结构作宾语) 你介意我吸烟吗？ It raining hard，we had to stay at home.(现在分词的独立主格结构作状语) (由于)天在下雨，我们只能待在家里。,即时跟踪7 (1)她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 to help encouraged all of us. (2)我能用一下你的望远镜吗？ Would you mind your telescope? (3)所有学生坐好之后，讲座
15、开始了。 All the students the lecture began.,答案,Her coming,my/me using,having sat down,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国) 2.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground， (wonder) whether to stay or leave. (2015湖南) 3.The park was full of people， (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. (2015北京),答案,高考链接,living,wondering,enjoying,5. (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津) 6.Keep (hold) your position for a while.
